Table 1.

Various forms of fabricated biomaterials for wound healing applications.

S. No.	Wound Dressing Materials	Fabrication Techniques and Outcomes	Ref.
1	Polyurethane/keratin/AgNP biocomposite mats	Electrospinning method The material’s keratin content increased fibroblast cell proliferation while also having strong antibacterial properties. A histological analysis showed that the created biocomposite mat could promote wound healing.	[115]
2	Hyaluronan and PVA embedded-AgNP Hydrogel	Freeze-thawing method The hydrogel’s semi-interpenetrating network aided in the AgNPs’ uniform dispersion. The hydrogel may be used as a wound dressing since it had strong antibacterial activity, was biocompatible, had a low swelling index, and was nontoxic.	[116]
3	Genipin-crosslinked chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol)ZnO/Ag	Film casting method The created nanocomposites showed improved mechanical characteristics and pH-sensitive swelling behaviour, and they were successfully used as a material for wound dressings.	[117]
4	AgNP-Calcium alginate beads in gelatin scaffolds	Freeze-drying method Due to their favourable swelling qualities and non-toxic behaviour against human dermal fibroblasts, they are recommended as acceptable wound dressings.	[118]
5	Chitosan-hyaluronan nano composite sponges	Ionic cross-linking followed by freeze drying The material had adequate porosity for applications involving wound healing, good biodegradation, and improved swelling properties.	[119]
6	Methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-graft-chitosan composite film	Casting/solvent evaporation method The substance that was manufactured showed that the medication curcumin had been loaded successfully. The film had an uneven surface without any pores. The produced film has a significant deal of potential for use in wound healing applications, according to an in vitro cytotoxicity research, antioxidant effectiveness assessments, and animal trials (histological study).	[120]
7	Tannic acid/chitosan/pullulan composite nanofibers	Force spinning method It has the potential to be used in the treatment of intricate and deep wounds since it replicates a 3D environment, exhibits good water absorption, and encourages fibroblast cell adhesion.	[121]
8	Ag/ZnO nanocomposites	Deposition precipitation method The porosity of composites, which ranged from 81 to 88%, the swelling ratios, which ranged from 21 to 24, and the moisture retention period, which ranged from 13 to 14 days, all demonstrated good results in various experiments. These characteristics are all crucial for expediting wound healing.	[122]
9	Silver/hyaluronan bio-nanocomposite fabrics	Wet-dry-spinning technique According to in vivo research, fabrics improved the material’s mechanical qualities and increased wound healing effectiveness.	[123]
10	Chitosan-Ag/ZnO composite dressing	Lyophilisation and immersion method In many tests, composites performed well in terms of porosity (81–88%), swelling ratios (21–24%), and moisture retention period (13–14 days), all of which are critical elements in improving wound healing.	[124]
11	Starch-AgNPs	Nanoprecipitation method By using an ecologically friendly process, alkali-dissolved starch served as a reducing and stabilising agent to create AgNPs, and this strategy may be used for applications in the treatment of wounds.	[125]
12	Cellulose/Polypyrrole/AgNPs/ Ionic liquid composite films	Simple chemical polymerization method Composite films demonstrated effective antibacterial action and may be applied as patches to help heal wounds.	[126]
13	Fibrin nanoconstructs	Water-in-oil emulsification diffusion technique It served as a reliable carrier molecule for tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant.	[127]