Table 5.
Logistic regression analysis for the conditions associated with epinephrine injection within 30 min of hospital arrival (vs. ≥30 min) and within 60 min of symptoms onset (vs. ≥60 min) (n = 76).
| A. Anaphylaxis Symptoms and Signs | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epinephrine Injected Time from Hospital Arrival <30 min, (n = 40) | Epinephrine Injected Time from Symptom Onset <60 min (n = 24) | |||||||
| cOR | p-Value | aOR a | p-Value | cOR | p-Value | aOR a | p-Value | |
| Urticarial rash | 0.636 (0.141–2.876) | 0.557 | 1.312 (0.211–8.143) | 0.771 | 0.417 (0.095–1.832) | 0.247 | 0.810 (0.127–5.161) | 0.823 |
| Facial edema | 1.319 (0.505–3.441) | 0.572 | 1.635 (0.56–4.698) | 0.362 | 0.971 (0.348–2.715) | 0.956 | 1.310 (0.414-–0.142) | 0.646 |
| Throat tightness | 0.556 (0.143–2.153) | 0.395 | 0.572 (0.131–2.491) | 0.457 | 0.208 (0.025–1.743) | 0.148 | 0.122 (0.011–1.342) | 0.085 |
| Dyspnea | 1.174 (0.455–3.032) | 0.740 | 1.316 (0.467–3.710) | 0.603 | 1.059 (0.381–2.945) | 0.913 | 1.183 (0.376–3.719) | 1.183 |
| Wheezing | 1.200 (0.467–3.082) | 0.705 | 1.337 (0.491–3.645) | 0.570 | 1.904 (0.703–5.153) | 0.205 | 3.209 (1.005–10.244) | 0.049 * |
| Hypotension | 3.545 (0.352–35.724) |
0.283 | 3.311 (0.313–34.968) |
0.320 | ||||
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 0.602 (0.237–1.530) | 0.286 | 0.659 (0.236–1.837) | 0.425 | 0.561 (0.199–1.585) | 0.276 | 0.582 (0.178–1.898) | 0.369 |
| Syncope | 1.542 (0.321–7.410) |
0.589 | 1.525 (0.310–7.510) |
0.604 | 1.170 (0.210–6.510) |
0.858 | 1.123 (0.184–6.855) |
0.900 |
| B. Allergic history | ||||||||
| Epinephrine Injected Time from Hospital Arrival <30 min, (n = 40) | Epinephrine Injected Time from Symptom Onset <60 min (n = 24) | |||||||
| cOR | p-Value | aOR b | p-Value | cOR | p-Value | aOR b | p-Value | |
| Previous anaphylaxis | 1.571 (0.348–7.101) | 0.557 | 1.408 (0.301–6.585) | 0.664 | 1.343 (0.293–6.146) | 0.704 | 0.949 (0.190–4.741) | 0.949 |
| Bronchial asthma | 2.352 (0.728–7.593) | 0.153 | 2.248 (0.688–7.342) | 0.180 | 3.857 (1.224–12.153) | 0.021 * | 3.605 (1.104–11.766) | 0.034 * |
| Drug allergy | - | - | - | - | 7.286 (0.716–74.102) | 0.093 | 6.636 (0.597–73.760) | 0.124 |
| Food allergy | 1.448 (0.576–3.641) | 0.432 | 1.516 (0.582–3.951) | 0.394 | 1.354 (0.509–3.601) | 0.544 | 1.561 (0.533–4.575) | 0.417 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 1.286 (0.467–3.541) | 0.627 | 1.147 (0.367–3.586) | 0.814 | 1.118 (0.382–3.266) | 0.839 | 0.647 (0.176–2.381) | 0.512 |
| Atopic dermatitis | 1.515 (0.586–3.919) | 0.391 | 1.503 (0.574–3.933) | 0.407 | 1.471 (0.543–3.986) | 0.448 | 1.450 (0.508–4.137) | 0.488 |
| C. Allergen Sensitization Status | ||||||||
| Epinephrine Injected Time from Hospital Arrival <30 min, (n = 40) | Epinephrine Injected Time from Symptoms Onset <60 min (n = 24) | |||||||
| cOR | p-Value | aOR b | p-Value | cOR | p-Value | aOR b | p-Value | |
| All allergen sensitization c | 3.947 (0.695–22.436) | 0.121 | 4.047 (0.680–24.081) | 0.124 | 3.187 (0.354–28.687) | 0.301 | 2.433 (0.254–23.427) | 0.442 |
| Inhalant allergen sensitization | 0.747 (0.258–2.158) | 0.590 | 0.466 (0.120–1.803) | 0.268 | 1.941 (0.619–6.089) | 0.255 | 1.019 (0.231–4.484) | 0.980 |
| Food allergen sensitization | 2.538 (0.817–7.886) | 0.107 | 3.990 (1.026–15.518) | 0.046 * | 1.040 (0.317–3.409) | 0.948 | 1.876 (0.462–7.617) | 0.379 |
Abbreviations: cOR crude odd ratio; aOR, adjusted odd ratio.; * indicates a p-value of < 0.05.; a adjusted by sex, age, familial allergy history, severity of anaphylaxis (severe vs. mild to moderate), anaphylaxis history, allergic rhinitis, and drug allergy history.; b adjusted by sex, age, and familial allergy history.; c All allergen sensitization: at least one of the allergy tests is positive for any allergens, and allergens include both inhalant and food allergen, except drugs, Hymenoptera venom, etc.