Table 4.

Ethnopharmacological uses of Artemisia species.

Species	Traditional Activity	Traditional Medicine	References
A. abrotanum	liver diseases contractile states of the bile ducts stagnation of or insufficient bile secretion stimulate menstruation	Europe	[20,157]
A. absinthium	parasitic diseases and digestive ailments treating jaundice treating constipation treating obesity treating splenomegaly treating anemia treating insomnia treating bladder diseases treating menstrual cramps treating injuries and nonhealing wounds	Europe	[8,9,10]
	digestive aid treating chronic fever treating hepatitis treating edema	Hindu medicine (Unani)	[9]
A. annua	treating jaundice treating bacterial dysentery treating fever treating bleeding wounds treating hemorrhoids	China and India	[71,158]
A. dracunculus	ailments of the digestive system an appetite and digestive stimulant	Europe	[54,159]
	treatment of helminthiasis treatment intestinal smooth muscle spasms treatment in the regulation of the menstrual cycle	Hindu traditional medicine (Ayurveda)	[54,160]
	treatment of gingivitis treatment foot and mouth diseases	Arabia	[11,12]
	treating irritation treating allergic rashes treating gastritis	Central Asia	[11,12]
A. vulgaris	stimulates the secretion of gastric juice relaxant for the gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts relieving colic laxative effect in the treatment of obesity	Europe	[55]
	liver inflammation and obstruction, treating enlarged liver or spleen treating nephrolithiasis, treating chronic fever treating dysmenorrhea recommended for inducing labor or miscarriage	Hindu medicine (Unani)	[161,164]