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. 2022 Oct 15;20:470. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03687-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Urine biochemical analysis. a protein concentration in urine; b protein to creatinine ratio in urine; c Kim-1 concentration in urine; d glucose concentration in urine in rats maintained either on tap water (control group) or low and high dose of TMA. TMA trimethylamine, UPCR urine protein creatinine ratio. All data are expressed as the median (n = 9); Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post-hoc Dunn’s test for urine protein, UPCR and urine glucose; ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tuckey test for urine Kim-1; *P < 0.05 vs tap water group