Table 1.

Essential oil composition and biological activities of some Mentha species.

Species Name	Essential Oil	Chemical Composition	Composition (%)	Structure	Source	Activities	Reference
M. × piperita L.	Monoterpenoids	1-menthone	7.32–18.32		Aerial parts	Antiinflammatory, antibacterial, neuroprotective, antifatigue, and antioxidant properties	[50]
		Isomenthone	0–6.75		Aerial parts	Antiviral, scolicidal, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and antioxidant properties	[51]
		Menthol	18.03–58.42		Aerial parts	Antitumor, neuroprotective, antifatigue, and antioxidant properties	[51]
		Menthyl acetate	0.72–6.89		Aerial parts	Antimicrobial and flavoring agent	[50]
	Sesquiterpenes	Caryophyllene	0.05–1.54		Aerial parts	Anticancer and analgesic properties	[52]
		Germacrene-D	0.63–1.89		Aerial parts	Antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects	[53]
M. longifolia L.	Monoterpenoids	Endo-Borneol	1.12–6.02		Aerial parts	Cytotoxicity and anticancer properties	[54]
		α-Terpineol	0–0.28		Aerial parts	Antioxidant and anti-COX-2 activity	[54]
		Isopiperitenone	0.07–0.36		Aerial parts	Antimicrobial properties	[55]
		Carvacrol	0–1.06		Aerial parts	Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic properties	[54]
		Cinerolon	0.08–0.25		Aerial parts	Antimicrobial properties	[55]
		Cis-a-Farnescene	1.03–1.97		Aerial parts	Antimicrobial properties	[55]
	Sesquiterpene	Caryophyllene	2.72–7.03		Aerial parts	Anticancer and analgesic properties	[56]
		Germacrene D	0.98–3.22		Aerial parts	Antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects	[56]
		Caryophyllene oxide	0.12–0.79		Aerial parts	Anticancer properties	[56]
M. pulegium L.	Oxygenated Monoterpenes	Carvone	56.1		Aerial parts	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, diuretic, analgesic, and antiseptic properties	[57]
		Limonene	15.1		Aerial parts	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, diuretic, analgesic, and antiseptic properties	[57]
		(E)-caryophyllene	3.6		Aerial parts	Anticancer and analgesic properties	[57]
		Oleic acid	3.2		Aerial parts	Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties	[58]
		1,8-cineole	2.4		Aerial parts	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, diuretic, analgesic, and antiseptic properties	[57]
	Monoterpene	Pulegone	54.3		Aerial parts	Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties	[58]
M. arvensis L.		Menthol	30.35		Leaf	Antiseptic, antibacterial properties, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiinflammatory activities	[59]
		Menthone	20.50		Leaf	Antiseptic, antibacterial properties, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiinflammatory activities	[59]
		β-pinene	7.28		Leaf	Antimicrobial properties	[53]
		α-terpineol	7.08		Leaf	Antiproliferative activity	[60]
		α-pinene	6.35		Leaf	Antiproliferative activity	[60]
		Menthofuran	5.85		Leaf	Antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, analgesic	[61]
		Iso-menthone	4.53		Leaf	Antiviral, scolicidal, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and antioxidant properties	[51]
		Neo-menthol	4.36		Leaf	Antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity	[51]
		Menthyl acetate	3.26		Leaf	Antimicrobial properties and flavoring agent	[50]
M. spicata L.	Terpenoids	Carvone	58.22		Leaf	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, diuretic, analgesic, and antiseptic properties	[57]
	Oxygenated Monoterpenes	Limonene	19.54		Leaf	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, diuretic, analgesic, and antiseptic properties	[57]
M. suaveolens L.	Terpenoids	Carvone	64.31		Leaf	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, diuretic, analgesic, and antiseptic properties	[57]
	Monoterpenoid	Myrcenol	5.88		Leaf	Antioxidants, antifungal, and flavoring agents	[48]
		Terpineol	5.61		Leaf	Antimutagenic potency	[62]
		Pulegone	3.81		Whole plant	Antibacterial and antifungal properties	[63]
	Oxygenated Monoterpenes	Limonene	1.24		Leaf	Antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties	[64]
M. aquatica L.	Monoterpene	Pulegone	39.36		Leaves	Antioxidant and antibacterial properties	[65]
		Menthone	27.69		Leaves	Antioxidant and antibacterial properties	[65]
M. virdis L.	Oxygenated Monoterpenes	Carvone	37.26		Leaves	Antioxidant, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, antidermatophyte, and antibacterial properties	[3]
		1.8-Cineole	11.82		Leaves	Antioxidant, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, antidermatophyte, and antibacterial properties	[3]
		Terpinen-4-ol	08.72		Leaves	Antioxidant, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, antidermatophyte, and antibacterial properties	[3]

Note: The structures were obtained from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ (Accessed on 15 August 2022).