Table 5.

Data on materials used in transplant therapy and the corresponding mechanisms of action leading to bone regeneration.

Biomaterials	Characteristics	Mechanism of Action
Bio-OssTM	HAP(h) ∼ HAP (x)	Slow macrophage biodegradability—longer cell support time, Mechanical resistance [47,48],
	70–75% porosity	Extensive surface area > cell adhesion [49],
	Interconnected micro and macropores (300–1500 µm)	Prevents soft tissue invagination into the defect, Osteoconductivity—cell mechanical support [50],
	Deproteinization (≤300 °C)—no organic components	Biocompatibility—non-immunogenic [51],
Tisseel Lyo™	Cross-linked fibrin	Viscoelasticity property—tissue flap stability [52],
	Fibrin polymerization—fibrin polymer	Binding effect of particulate biomaterial [52],
	Aprotinin component (antifibrinolytic)	Cellular support throughout the trial period (∼ 40 days) [53],
	Blood components	Bioactive 3D matrix—binding sites: platelets, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, and macrophages and also for molecules, proteins and growth factors [16], Biocompatibility and biodegradability (fibrinolysis) [54],
	Hemostatic mechanisms	Thrombus—angiogenic cells (surgical hemostasis) [55].

HAP (h)—human hydroxyapatite; HAP (x)—xenogenic hydroxyapatite.