Table 4.
The most common and most advanced technology for the detection of algal toxins contaminants.
| Testing Item |
Technology of Detecting Seaweeds |
Advantages | Limitations | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algal toxins | Photochemical and biosensor | Smaller sample numbers and shorter response times | Pre-treatment complex, susceptible to environmental | [130,135,136,137] |
| Fluorescence microsphere-based | Low cost, simple and low interference, and can detect a variety of toxins | Nonspecific fluorescence limits, sensitivity low sensitivity | [130,138,139] | |
| Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) | High sensitivity, good detection limit, convenience, and effectiveness | Price Instruments are expensive and costly to maintain | [130,140,141] | |
| Portable biosensor | Portable, rapid, and simple sample preparation | A short service life span | [132,142,143] | |
| UPLC-MS/MS and 15 N isotope labelling | High analysis speed, high specificity, high sensitivity, high accuracy, high stability | Chromatographic column high pressure, easy to block | [134,144] |