Table 9.

Effects of polydatin on women’s health.

Study Type	Biological Effects	Cell Lines, Animal Types	Doses	References
In vivo	↓VEGF, nerve growth factor, ICAM and MMP-9 expression, lymphocyte accumulation, peroxynitrite formation, PARP activation, IkBa phosphorylation, NF-κB translocation	Rats	10 mg/kg/day orally for 14 days	[217]
In vivo	↑capillary perfusion, functional capillary density, survival time	Rabbits	single bolus infusion 4 mL/kg	[219]
In vivo	↓NF-κB activity, IL-6, IL-1β, 8-OHdG, 4-HNE, IL-6, γ-H2AX, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, IL-6, caspase-1, phosphorylated p6 levels	Mice	50, 100 mg/kg/day orally for 28 days	[220]
In vivo	┬NF-κB pathway activity, ↑Nrf2 signaling pathway activity, ↓TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression	Mice	20, 40, 80 mg/kg i.p. injection once	[31]

↓: decrease, ↑: increase, ┬: inhibit, μg: microgram, μM: micromole, γ-H2AX: γ-H2A histone family member X, 4-HNE: 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, Bax: Bcl-2-associated x, i.p.: intraperitoneal, ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule, IkBa: inhibitory kappa B kinases a, IL-1β: interleukin-1β, IL-6: interleukin-6, kg: kilogram, mg: milligram, mL: milliliter, MMP-9: matrix metalloprotease-9, NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, PAR: poly-ADP ribose, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.