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Cutting forces of four kinds of tools at different cutting speeds: (a) axial thrust force Fx; (b) radial thrust force Fy; and (c) main force Fz, (ap = 0.2 mm, f = 0.2 mm/r). AT-PE—linear grooves perpendicular to the cutting edge, AT-PA—linear grooves parallel to the cutting edge, AT-W—and wavy grooves [74].
