Table 2.
Lung function outcome 4 months after COVID-19 (n = 67) and differences between patients who were not hospitalised, hospitalised without ICU and with ICU treatment.
| All (n = 67) | Group I (n = 12) | Group II (n = 40) | Group III (n = 15) | p-Value (between Groups) # | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FEV1 %P | 109.1 ± 19.0 | 112.5 ± 14.4 | 109.7 ± 17.5 | 104.9 ± 25.7 | 0.564 |
| FVC %P | 112.6 ± 20.0 | 124.8 ± 17.6 | 112.0 ± 16.5 | 104.7 ± 26.7 | 0.031 A |
| FEV/FVC | 79.1 ± 5.7 | 76.8 ± 5.4 | 79.3 ± 5.8 | 80.4 ± 5.3 | 0.236 |
| TLC %P * | 99.9 ± 15.8 | 113.5 ± 12.2 | 100.2 ±13.2 | 87.6 ± 16.4 * | 0.001 B |
| RV %P * | 88.5 ± 18.7 | 99.6 ± 14.6 | 91.6 ± 17.2 | 70.4 ± 13.5 * | <0.001 C |
| RV/TLC %P * | 82.9 ± 11.4 | 84.4 ± 10.5 | 85.4 ± 11.1 | 74.7 ± 9.6 * | 0.007 D |
| DLco %P * | 79.6 ± 16.7 | 94.3 ± 16.2 | 80.3 ± 13.9 | 64.9 ± 12.6 * | <0.001 B |
| Kco %P * | 92.7 ± 16.2 | 95.5 ± 17.2 | 94.1 ± 16.8 | 86.6 ± 12.7 * | 0.272 |
| Ventilation | |||||
| Restriction * | 10 (15.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (10.0) | 6 (42.9) * | 0.005 C |
| Obstruction | 2 (3.0) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.400 |
| Both restriction and obstruction * | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) * | - |
| Diffusion | |||||
| Reduced DLco * | 28 (42.4) | 2 (16.7) | 16 (40.0) | 10 (71.4) * | 0.014 A |
| DLco > LLN * | 38 (57.6) | 10 (83.3) | 24 (60.0) | 4 (28.6) * | 0.020 E |
| DLco 60%P-LLN * | 20 (30.3) | 2 (16.7) | 13 (32.5) | 5 (35.7) * | |
| DLco < 60 %P * | 8 (12.1) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.5) | 5 (35.7) * | |
| Both ventilation and diffusion | |||||
| Normal * | 33 (50.0) | 9 (75.0) | 21 (52.5) | 3 (21.4) * | 0.020 A |
| Restriction + low DLco * | 6 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | 5 (35.7) * | 0.004 C |
| Restriction + normal DLco * | 4 (6.1) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.5) | 1 (7.1) * | 1.000 |
| Obstruction + low DLco * | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) * | 1.000 |
| Obstruction + normal DLco * | 1 (1.5) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) * | 0.182 |
| Low DLco only * | 21 (31.8) | 2 (16.7) | 14 (35.0) | 5 (35.7) * | 0.461 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or number (%) when not specified. # Fisher’s exact test or one-way ANOVA where appropriate and if significant followed by bivariate comparison with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. * Missing data from one patient (n = 66). A: Difference between not hospitalised and hospitalised with ICU. B: Difference between all groups. C: Difference between not hospitalised and hospitalised with ICU and hospitalised without ICU and hospitalised with ICU. D: Difference between hospitalised without ICU and hospitalised with ICU. E: Difference between not hospitalised and hospitalised with ICU and between hospitalised without ICU and hospitalised with ICU comparing the normal and moderately-severely reduced DLco.