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General structure of an SP. It is composed of three main parts: (1) an N-terminal region (a positively charged domain); (2) H-region (the hydrophobic core forming an α-helix); and (3) a C-terminal region (a cleavage site forming a β-sheet). The initial part of the protein, important to protein secretion, is referred to as the pro-region. Cleavage occurs within the AXA or VXA motif (adapted from [19], with permission).
