Table 4.
Effect of 10 weeks of repeated dose treatment of SA on blood biochemical estimations in rats with nSTZ-induced T2DM at the end of the 18th week.
| Parameters | NC | NC + SA | DC | DC + SA25 | DC + SA50 | DC + MET |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1C (%) | 4.32 ± 0.70 | 4.52 ± 0.81 | 7.881 ± 0.60 C | 6.38 ± 1.02 Ba | 5.89 ± 0.64 Ab | 5.17 ± 0.78 d |
| TG (mg/dL) | 85.32 ± 6.43 | 89.10 ± 7.00 | 259.83 ± 16.59 C | 213.14 ± 18.33 Cd3 | 176.71 ± 15.18 Cd1 | 148.67 ± 13.82 Ad |
| TC (mg/dL) | 117.41 ± 10.10 | 122.55 ± 8.45 | 154.03 ± 6.81 C | 129.68 ± 11.80 Cb3 | 98.46 ± 9.58 Ad | 92.47 ± 7.40 d |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 50.33± 6.03 | 54.16 ± 4.52 | 32.75± 3.46 C | 42.50± 6.16 a | 44.95 ± 4.90 b | 46.16 ± 4.49 b |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 49.99± 12.24 | 50.57± 10.30 | 196.26 ± 16.27 C | 144.72± 8.80 Cd3 | 112.09 ± 16.53 Cd | 83.96± 16.60 Ad |
| AI | 1.36 ± 0.35 | 1.27 ± 0.27 | 6.98 ± 0.77 | 4.10 ± 0.85 Ab | 2.97 ± 0.58 d | 2.26 ± 0.59 d |
| TP (g/dL) | 8.56 ± 0.71 | 9.20 ± 0.64 | 5.55 ± 0.42 C | 6.85 ± 0.43 Cb1 | 7.38 ± 0.43 Ad | 7.89 ± 0.52 d |
| SCr (mg/dL) | 0.47 ± 0.06 | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.97 ± 0.19 C | 0.68 ± 0.11 Bd | 0.61 ± 0.08 d | 0.57± 0.07 d |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 19.03 ± 2.19 | 22.34 ± 3.46 | 50.04 ± 5.64 C | 37.67 ± 4.47 Cb1 | 32.67 ± 5.64 Cd | 27.56 ± 4.68 Ad |
| ALB (g/dL) | 3.72 ± 0.41 | 3.84 ± 0.61 | 2.66 ± 0.45 C | 3.17 ± 0.12 Aa1 | 3.51 ± 0.31 d | 3.67 ± 0.12 d |
| CRP (mg/l) | 0.60 ± 0.65 | 0.8 ± 0.61 | 3.60 ± 1.31 C | 2.20 ± 0.48 Aa | 1.80 ± 0.65 d | 1.6 ± 0.61 d |
| LDH (U/l) | 339.53 ± 37.69 | 345.89 ± 45.70 | 698.02 ± 56.87 C | 575.84 ± 26.97 Cd3 | 439.68 ± 43.95 Bd | 415.34 ± 36.86 d |
| CK-MB (U/l) | 294.41 ± 25.11 | 301.58 ± 24.73 | 507.21 ± 62.19 C | 438.56 ± 23.76 Ca3 | 346.76 ± 25.72 d | 325.56 ± 37.82 d |
| AST (U/L) | 104.36 ± 7.54 | 107.79 ± 11.38 | 185.53 ± 13.39 C | 160.63 ± 17.22 Ca3 | 138.49 ± 10.13 Cd | 121.17 ± 12.85 d |
| ALT (U/L) | 41.23 ± 3.16 | 42.57 ± 4.47 | 70.93 ± 5.11 C | 61.76 ± 6.35 Ca3 | 51.28 ± 5.28 Ad | 45.66± 4.36 d |
| BR (mg/dL) | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.46 ± 0.04 C | 0.37 ± 0.04 Ca2 | 0.32 ± 0.06 d | 0.26 ± 0.043 d |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, where n = 6 rats per group; A (p < 0.05), B (p < 0.01), and C (p < 0.001) indicate a significant difference from the normal control; a (p < 0.05), b (p < 0.01), and d (p < 0.001) indicate a significant difference from the diabetic control; and 1 (p < 0.05), 2 (p < 0.01), and 3 (p < 0.001) indicate a significant difference from the metformin-treated group. HbA1C: glycated haemoglobin; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; AI: atherogenic index; TP: total protein; SCr: serum creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; ALB: albumin; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CK-MB: Creatinine Kinase-MB; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate transaminase; BR: bilirubin; NC: nondiabetic control; NC + SA: syringic acid (50 mg/kg, p.o. for 10 weeks) administered to nondiabetic control group; DC: n-STZ diabetic control; DC + SA25: syringic acid (25 mg/kg, p.o. for 10 weeks) administered to diabetic animals; DC + SA50: syringic acid (50 mg/kg, p.o. for 10 weeks) administered to diabetic animals; and DC + MET: metformin (200 mg/kg/day p.o. for 10 weeks) administered to diabetic animals.