Table 11.

Assignments of the major absorption bands of hydrated mixtures.

Wavenumber (cm−1)	Assignment
3641, 3642	ν (O-H) crystalline hydroxyl [81], e.g., portlandite (Ca(OH)2) [82]
3424–3553	ν (H-O-H) in liquid water, chemisorption of water on the surface of molecules [83]
1617–1653	ν2 (H-O-H) in water [84]
1426, 1384, 875–873	ν (C=O) in CO32− compounds, calcite [85]
1095–1098	ν3 (SO42−) ettringite
925–968	ν3 (Si-O) in the C-S-H phase [86]
917–925	ν4 (Si-O) in the C-S-H phase [86]
780–918	δ (O-H) linked to Al3+ [81]
599–601	ν (Al-O) in C3A [85]
520–523	ν4 (Si-O) in C3S, β-C2S, C3A [87]
700–500	ν (Fe-O, Al-O) in C4AF [88]
440–470	ν4 (Si-O-Si) in the C-S-H phase [87]