Table 1.
Cohort demographics and clinical characteristics.
| Group 0 No Antithrombotic Agents (N = 310) |
Group 1 on Antiplatelets (N = 26) |
Group 2 on Anticoagulants (N = 13) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 48 (30–61) | 76 (64–81) | 73 (70–81) | <0.001 |
| Male | 229 (73.9%) | 19(73.1%) | 8 (61.5%) | 0.575 |
|
Direct admission
from scene |
281 (90.6%) | 23 (88.4%) | 12 (92.3%) | 0.193 |
| Vital Parameters | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 (118–140) | 145 (125–157) | 130 (110–134) | 0.0524. |
| Dyastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80 (70–81) | 80 (70–90) | 75 (69–80) | 0.2699 |
| SatO2 (%) | 98 (96–99) | 97 (94–98) | 98 (96–98) | 0.0631 |
| Heart rate, per minute | 80 (74–94) | 77.5 (70–85) | 78 (70–84) | 0.0480 |
| Respiratory rate, per minute | 15 (14–17.5) | 19 (18–21) | 14 | 0.0910 |
| Temperature, Celsius | 36.5 (36–36.6) | 36.5 (36–36.7) | 36.2 (35–36.5) | 0.3568 |
| Laboratory Results | ||||
| White cell count, 10⁹ cells/L | 12.85 (9.7–17.2) | 11.17 (7.6–14.7) | 13.5 (9.4–16.9) | 0.1547 |
| Haemoglobin, g/L | 14.2 (12.8–15.2) | 13.5 (12.1–15.0) | 12.2 (11.6–13.5) | <0.5 |
| Platelets, 10⁹ cells/L | 234 (193–274) | 227 (186–279) | 214 (178–283) | 0.4308 |
| INR | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) | 1.00 (1–1.13) | 1.29 (1.19–2.76) | <0.001 |
| aPTT, seconds | 29.2 (26.9–31.7) | 28.8 (26.4–31.9) | 34.9 (29.4–47.1) | <0.05 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 2.59 (2.10–2.96) | 3.7 (3.53–4.28) | 2.9 (2.27–3.68) | <0.01 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 11435 (2351–27,090) | 4774 (2252–13,356) |
1450 | 0.2707 |
| Troponin, μg/L | 0.015 (0.015–0.015) [0.11–1.32] |
0.15 (0.015–0.015) [0.015–0.043] |
0.015 (0.015–0.02) [0.015–0.093] |
0.5588 |
| Creatinin, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.8–1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.6067 |
| C-reactive protein, μg/dL | 2.9 (2.9–3.6) | 2.95 (2.9–9.4) | 3.3 (2.9–7.4) | 0.2752 |
| Trauma Characteristics and Management | ||||
| Altered physiology | 63 (20.3%) | 4 (15.4%) | 2 (15.4%) | 0.894 |
| Altered anatomy | 21 (6.8%) | 2 (7.7%) | 1 (7.7%) | 0.977 |
|
Dangerous mechanism
of injury |
297 (95.8%) | 21 (80.8%) | 12 (92.3%) | <0.05 |
| ISS | 24.5 (15.8–37.2) | 21.2 (18.2–28.9) | 22.1 (14.2–31.8) | 0.12 |
| Active bleeding | 125 (40.3%) | 10 (38.5%) | 5 (38.5%) | 0.975 |
| Surgical treatment | 111 (35.8%) | 5 (19.2%) | 1 (7.7%) | <0.05 |
| Endovascular treatment | 16 (5.2%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0 | 0.687 |
| Conservative treatment | 193 (62.3%) | 20 (76.9%) | 12 (92.31%) | <0.05 |
| Lenght of stay | 7.9(2–16) | 12.4 (2–23.9) | 9.61 (4.68–11.49) | 0.6469 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| In-hospital death | 16 (5.2%) | 0 | 2 (15.4%) | 0.129 |
| ICU admission | 81 (26.1%) | 6 (23.1%) | 4 (30.8%) | 0.874 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range: 25°–75° P) and only for troponin (range); otherwise, count (%) as appropriate. Abbreviations: INR = international normalized ratio; ICU = Intensive Care Unit; ISS = injury severity score.