Table 2.
Prospective association of quartile (Q) of food groups with an all-cause mortality risk selected by elastic net regression among participants in the Mr. OS and Ms. OS Study.
| Foods (g/Day) | HR (95% CI) | p-Value for Trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||
| Dark green and leafy vegetables | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.75, 1.01) | 0.84 (0.72, 0.97) | 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) | 0.049 |
| Men | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.70, 1.01) | 0.83 (0.69, 1.01) | 0.82 (0.67, 0.99) | 0.256 |
| Women | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 0.82 (0.64, 1.05) | 0.83 (0.65, 1.08) | 0.144 |
| Dim sum # | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.69, 0.94) | 0.88 (0.76, 1.03) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.03) | 0.414 |
| Men | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.62, 0.94) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.96) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.07) | 0.161 |
| Women | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.69, 1.08) | 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) | 0.76 (0.56, 1.03) | 0.081 |
| Fruit | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.80, 1.08) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.04) | 0.79 (0.68, 0.93) | 0.006 |
| Men | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.78, 1.15) | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) | 0.388 |
| Women | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.71, 1.13) | 0.86 (0.68, 1.09) | 0.84 (0.63, 1.10) | 0.008 |
| Legumes | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.87, 1.16) | 0.79 (0.68, 0.92) | 0.75 (0.63, 0.87) | 0.052 |
| Men | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.16) | 0.77 (0.64, 0.94) | 0.80 (0.65, 0.98) | 0.023 |
| Women | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.88, 1.38) | 0.84 (0.66, 1.07) | 0.65 (0.50, 0.86) | 0.626 |
| Milk and milk products—high fat | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.19) | 0.107 |
| Men | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.76, 1.19) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.11) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.18) | 0.852 |
| Women | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.76, 1.27) | 0.98 (0.77, 1.24) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.38) | 0.129 |
| Mushroom and fungi | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.72, 0.97) | 0.75 (0.65, 0.87) | 0.76 (0.65, 0.88) | 0.023 |
| Men | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.69, 1.00) | 0.72 (0.60, 0.87) | 0.69 (0.57, 0.84) | 0.553 |
| Women | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.65, 1.03) | 0.78 (0.61, 0.99) | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) | 0.023 |
| Refined grains | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.90, 1.24) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.24) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.34) | 0.088 |
| Men | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.80, 1.25) | 1.02 (0.82, 1.28) | 1.15 (0.92, 1.44) | 0.393 |
| Women | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.88, 1.37) | 1.07 (0.84, 1.36) | 0.95 (0.70, 1.31) | 0.012 |
| Soy and soy products | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.77, 1.02) | 0.79 (0.68, 0.92) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.90) | 0.143 |
| Men | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.74, 1.08) | 0.76 (0.63, 0.93) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) | 0.073 |
| Women | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.69, 1.09) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.10) | 0.75 (0.57, 0.99) | 0.590 |
| Tea | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 1.03 (0.89, 1.21) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.19) | 0.760 |
| Men | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.82, 1.27) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.44) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.23) | 0.554 |
| Women | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.75, 1.18) | 0.88 (0.69, 1.11) | 1.20 (0.92, 1.58) | 0.965 |
| Whole grains | |||||
| Overall | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.79, 1.06) | 0.85 (0.73, 0.98) | 0.76 (0.65, 0.89) | 0.008 |
| Men | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.77, 1.10) | 0.82 (0.68, 1.00) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) | 0.059 |
| Women | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.11) | 0.72 (0.56, 0.92) | 0.058 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. p < 0.05. # Dim sum is a range of small Chinese dishes that are usually consumed in traditional Chinese restaurants. The Cox regression model was adjusted for sex, age, dietary energy, body mass index, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, and medical history (diabetes, hypertension, stroke, heart attack, angina, congestive heart failure or cancer), smoking habits, alcohol drinking, and education level.