Table 4.
Effect of olive pomace oil (OPO) and sunflower oil (SO) consumption on lipid profile and liver function *.
| Normocholesterolemic n = 31 |
Hypercholesterolemic n = 37 |
p Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPO | SO | OPO | SO | Oil | N/H | N/H × Oil | |
| Total-cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Initial | 168 ± 5 | 168 ± 5 | 221 ± 5 | 221 ± 6 | 0.923 | 0.000 | 0.868 |
| Final | 164 ± 5 | 169 ± 5 | 220 ± 5 | 220 ± 6 | 0.642 | 0.000 | 0.679 |
| Rate of change | −1.4 ± 2.0 | 1.1 ± 1.8 | −0.3 ± 1.6 | −0.1 ± 1.6 | 0.425 | 0.907 | 0.813 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Initial | 73 ± 5 | 76 ± 6 | 111 ± 9 | 111 ± 11 | 0.778 | 0.000 | 0.884 |
| Final | 70 ± 5 | 72 ± 6 | 109 ± 9 | 114 ± 11 | 0.694 | 0.000 | 0.975 |
| Rate of change | −2.6 ± 0.04 | −1.8 ± 5.0 | 1.2 ± 4.0 | 6.9 ± 5.7 | 0.486 | 0.215 | 0.784 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Initial | 60 ± 2 | 60 ± 2 | 65 ± 3 | 64 ± 3 | 0.857 | 0.146 | 0.814 |
| Final | 59 ± 2 | 60 ± 2 | 64 ± 2 | 63 ± 2 | 0.676 | 0.179 | 0.405 |
| Rate of change | −1.2 ± 1.9 | 0.8± 2.2 | 0.9 ± 2.0 | −2.0 ± 1.9 | 0.838 | 0.754 | 0.342 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Initial | 93 ± 4 | 92 ± 4 | 133 ± 5 | 134 ± 5 | 0.919 | 0.000 | 0.859 |
| Final | 91 ± 4 | 94 ± 4 | 134 ± 4 | 134 ± 5 | 0.622 | 0.000 | 0.801 |
| Rate of change | −0.3 ± 2.8 | 3.3 ± 2.9 | 1.1 ± 1.7 | 1.0 ± 2.2 | 0.547 | 0.733 | 0.657 |
| VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Initial | 15 ± 1 | 15 ± 1 | 24 ± 3 | 23 ± 3 | 0.942 | 0.000 | 0.713 |
| Final | 14 ± 1 | 14 ± 1 | 22 ± 2 | 23 ± 3 | 0.766 | 0.000 | 0.902 |
| Rate of change | −3.0± 4.3 | −2.8 ± 4.7 | 0.2 ± 4.5 | 5.7 ± 5.8 | 0.267 | 0.267 | 0.783 |
| LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol | |||||||
| Initial | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 0.852 | 0.000 | 0.823 |
| Final | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 0.788 | 0.000 | 0.874 |
| Rate of change | 1.7 ± 3.2 | 4.3 ± 3.7 | 1.4 ± 2.3 | 4.4 ± 3.0 | 0.315 | 0.945 | 0.968 |
| Total Cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol | |||||||
| Initial | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 0.992 | 0.000 | 0.990 |
| Final | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 0.778 | 0.000 | 0.866 |
| Rate of change | 0.26 ± 1.8 | 1.32 ± 2.2 | −0.3 ± 1.8 | 2.8 ± 2.0 | 0.942 | 0.262 | 0.615 |
| Apolipoprotein (Apo A1) (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Initial | 161 ± 3 | 163 ± 3 | 175 ± 4 | 177 ± 4 | 0.635 | 0.000 | 0.963 |
| Final | 165 ± 4 | 167 ± 3 | 183 ± 4 | 179 ± 5 | 0.397 | 0.001 | 0.333 |
| Rate of change | 2.98 ± 1.9 | 3.0 ± 1.7 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | 0.195 | 0.849 | 0.298 |
| Apo B (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Initial | 72 ± 3 | 73 ± 3 | 101 ± 3 | 100 ± 3 | 0.974 | 0.000 | 0.772 |
| Final | 77 ± 3 | 79 ± 3 | 108 ± 3 | 108 ± 4 | 0.833 | 0.000 | 0.580 |
| Rate of change | 8.8 ± 2.4 | 9.5 ± 2.3 | 8.3 ± 1.9 | 9.0 ± 1.9 | 0.768 | 0.846 | 0.953 |
| Apo B/Apo A1 | |||||||
| Initial | 0 46 ± 0.02 | 0.45 ± 0.02 | 0.59 ± 0.03 | 0.56 ± 0.02 | 0.458 | 0.000 | 0.757 |
| Final | 0.47 ± 0.02 | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 0.61 ± 0.03 | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 0.875 | 0.000 | 0.970 |
| Rate of change | 4.3 ± 3.2 | 6.3 ± 2.7 | 5.6 ± 2.4 | 11.3 ± 2.6 | 0.126 | 0.420 | 0.578 |
| ALAT (UI/L) | |||||||
| Initial | 21 ± 2 | 21 ± 2 | 24 ± 3 | 27 ± 3 | 0.504 | 0.052 | 0.608 |
| Final | 19 ± 2 | 20 ± 2 | 26 ± 3 | 28 ± 3 | 0.498 | 0.005 | 0.868 |
| Rate of change | 107.7 ± 5.0 | 109.41 ± 7.5 | 119.8 ± 5.7 | 117.0 ± 7.1 | 0.921 | 0.119 | 0.782 |
| ASAT (UI/L) | |||||||
| Initial | 20.6 ± 0.9 | 21.0 ± 1.2 | 22.7 ± 1.3 | 24.1 ± 1.3 | 0.536 | 0.033 | 0.322 |
| Final | 18.5 ± 0.8 | 19.2 ± 0.7 | 22.5 ± 1.2 | 24.2 ± 1.3 | 0.275 | 0.000 | 0.635 |
| Rate of change | 101.7 ± 3.1 | 106.9 ± 4.7 | 113.5 ± 4.6 | 112.4 ± 4.7 | 0.559 | 0.045 | 0.418 |
* Values represent mean ± SEM. The table shows the initial (pre-treatment) and final (post-treatment) mean values. The rate of change was calculated from initial and final values as [(final value-initial value)/initial value] and expressed as percentage. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model. p values in the first column correspond to the effect of taking the oil (OPO or SO), those of the penultimate column to the effect of the group [normocholesterolemic (N) or hypercholesterolemic (H)], and the last column to the interaction of oil and group. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. Apo: Apolipoprotein. ALAT: Alanine aminotransferase. ASAT: Aspartate aminotransferase.