Table 3.
Cox regression models to assess the association between different drugs and the fatal outcome of COVID-19.
| Drugs | Fatal result from COVID-19 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate analysis cHR (95% CI) |
p | Multivariate analysis aHR (95% CI) |
p | |
| Macrolides | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 0.70 (0.36–1.35) | 0.283 | 0.47 (0.12–1.81) | 0.272 |
| Ceftriaxone | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 1.24 (0.72–2.12) | 0.440 | 0.67 (0.22–2.02) | 0.472 |
| Ivermectin | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 0.85 (0.44–1.65) | 0.628 | 1.75 (0.60–5.14) | 0.307 |
| Corticosteroid | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 1.57 (0.93–2.63) | 0.090 | 4.99 (1.46–17.06) | 0.010 |
| Warfarin | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 1.68 (0.97–2.90) | 0.062 | 2.44 (0.75–7.92) | 0.139 |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 0.99 (0.58–1.71) | 0.977 | 1.72 (0.60–4.95) | 0.312 |
cHR: Crude Hazard Ratio; aHR: Adjusted Hazard Ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.
Hazard ratios and confidence intervals were calculated considering the epidemiological model. P-values of <0.05 are in bold.
The proportional hazards assumptions of the Cox models using Schoenfeld residuals were greater than 0.05.
*Each drug was adjusted for age, comorbidities, number of neutrophils, number of lymphocytes, oxygen saturation on admission, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer level.