Table 2.

Proteins, miRNAs, and lncRNAs in the effect of CAFs on GC cells.

Moleculars	Expression	Target molecules or pathways	GC cell function change	Refs.
Proteins
Galectin-1	Upregulation in CAFs	integrin β1,VEGF	Promote migration, invasion, and angiogenesis	[46, 99]
Twist1	Upregulation in CAFs	/	Indicate the poorer prognosis	[22]
Caveolin-1	Downregulation in CAFs	HGF,TGF-β, and CXCL12	Induce a CAF phenotype and indicate the poorer prognosis	[23]
RHBDF2	Upregulation in CAFs	TGF-β	Promote invasion	[76]
HGF	Upregulation in CAFs	PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling	Promote angiogenesis	[82]
Exo-PKM2	Upregulation in CAFs	NF-κB	Inducing abnormal metabolism and inflammation activation	[9]
THBS1	Upregulation in GC cells	/	Promote immunosuppression and chemotherapy Resistance	[83]
CXCL12	Upregulation in CAFs	CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis	Promote immunosuppression and invasion	[62]
BDNF	Upregulation in CAFs	Lactate/BDNF/TrkB/ Nrf2	Induce chemotherapy resistance	[73]
Annexin A6	Upregulation in CAF-EV	Integrinβ1- FAK-YAP	Induce chemotherapy resistance	[72]
MiRNAs
Exo-miR-139	Downregulation in CAFs	MMP11	Promotes growth, migration metastasis	[57]
MiR-214	Downregulation in CAFs	FGF9	Promotes migration metastasis and induces EMT	[87]
MiR-141-3p	Downregulation in GC cells	STAT4/wnt/β-catenin	Promotes invasion and migration and transition from NFs to CAFs	[88]
MiR-506	Downregulation in GC cells	ETS1/ miR-506/ECM	Promotes EMT and angiogenesis	[89, 100]
Exo-miR-522	Upregulation in CAFs	USP7/hnRNPA1/miR-522	Suppresses ferroptosis and promotes acquired chemoresistance	[71]
lncRNAs
FLJ22447	Downregulation in CAFs	HIF1A and VEGF	Promotes invasion, migration, and angiogenesis	[59]
NROAD	Upregulation in GC cells	NROAD-miR-496-IL-33 axis	Promote proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT	[92]