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. 2022 Oct 16;13:6108. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33859-9

Fig. 5. Pharmacological blockage of fructose utilization suppresses fructose-induced proliferation and colony formation of GBM cells in vitro and shows therapeutic potential in vivo.

Fig. 5

a, b TJ46 and U87 cells cultured under glucose-deprived condition supplemented with 10 mM of fructose were treated with the indicated concentration of fructose analog 2,5-AM for 3 (a) or 14 (b) days, and then collected and counted (a) or fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with crystal violet for colony formation analysis (b). c Luciferase-expressing TJ46 and GSC23 cells were intracranially injected into athymic nude mice (n = 5). Seven days after tumor-cell injection, 200 µl of 2,5-AM (75 or 200 mg kg–1) or vehicle (PBS) was delivered to the mice via intraperitoneal administration daily for 7 days for TJ46 cells or 14 days for GSC23 cells. Luminescence intensity derived from tumors was measured at indicated time points post tumor-cell injection and relative luminescence intensity is shown. a.u., arbitrary unit. d Luciferase-expressing TJ46 and GSC23 cells were intracranially injected into athymic nude mice (n = 5). Seven days after tumor-cell injection, 200 µl of 2,5-AM (75 or 200 mg kg–1) or vehicle (PBS) was delivered to the mice via intraperitoneal administration daily. The survival times of the mice were recorded. e Luciferase-expressing TJ46 and GSC23 cells were intracranially injected into athymic nude mice (n = 5). Seven days after tumor-cell injection, indicated dosages of 2,5-AM were delivered to the mice via intraperitoneal administration daily. On day 14 (for TJ46 cells) or day 21 (for GSC23 cells) post tumor-cell injection, the mice were fasted for 12 h and then serum fructose concentration was determined by a quantitative colorimetric assay. The mice (n = 5) without injection of tumor cells served as no tumor control. Data represent the mean ± SD of six (a) or four (b) independent experiments and the mean ± SEM of 5 mice (c, e). P values were determined by the one-way ANOVA (a–c, e) or two-tailed log-rank test (d). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.