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. 2022 Oct 16;12:448. doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-02201-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — A Scatter plot showing a significant negative association between anticipation-evoked activity and negative symptom severity (PANSS-N) in the VS (MNI coordinates: x = 16, y = 14, z = −6, r = −0.507, p = 0.038). B Scatter plot showing a significant positive association between anticipation-evoked activity and the % (percentage) of SGA users (the proportion of SZ who had ever received SGA) in the VS (MNI coordinates: x = 16, y = 2, z = 0, r = 0.533, p = 0.019). C Conceptual diagram of the moderating effect of the % of SGA users on the relationship between negative symptoms and striatum hypoactivation during reward anticipation. D Scatter plot showing a significant negative association between outcome-evoked activity and the positive symptom severity (PANSS-P) in the mPFC (MNI coordinates: x = 0, y = 46, z = −10, r = −0.681, p = 0.043). E Scatter plot showing a significant positive association between outcome-evoked activity and the % of SGA users in the mPFC (MNI coordinates: x = 0, y = 46, z = −10, r = 0.656, p = 0.028). F Conceptual diagram of the moderating effect of % of SGA users on the relationship between positive symptoms and mPFC hypoactivation during reward outcome. SZ schizophrenia, HC healthy controls, SGA second-generation antipsychotic, mPFC medial prefrontal cortex.