Table 2A.
Moderator analysis of subgroups using categorical variables for the rates of any PTSD.
| Meta-analysis | Heterogeneity | Between group comparison | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderator Variables | Number of studies | Any PTSD,% | 95% CI | P-value | Q-value | D(f) | P | I2 | P | |
| Date of Survey Completion | 2020 February | 9 | 0.51 | 0.34–0.67 | 0.92 | 2748 | 8 | 0.001 | >90% | 0.01 |
| 2020 March | 6 | 0.40 | 0.22–0.61 | 0.33 | 223 | 5 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| 2020 April | 17 | 0.27 | 0.18–0.38 | 0.001 | 4800 | 16 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| 2020 May | 20 | 0.38 | 0.28–0.49 | 0.03 | 2216 | 19 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| 2020 June | 12 | 0.30 | 0.19–0.44 | 0.01 | 649 | 11 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| 2020 July | 11 | 0.36 | 0.23–0.51 | 0.07 | 2720 | 10 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| 2020 August | 6 | 0.55 | 0.35–0.74 | 0.61 | 477 | 5 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| 2020 September | 6 | 0.25 | 0.12–0.44 | 0.01 | 412 | 5 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| 2020 October | 6 | 0.40 | 0.23–0.61 | 0.36 | 72 | 5 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| 2020 November | 3 | 0.26 | 0.10–0.54 | 0.09 | 7 | 2 | 0.03 | 72% | ||
| 2020 December | 6 | 0.31 | 0.16–0.51 | 0.06 | 449 | 5 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| 2021 | 9 | 0.22 | 0.12–0.37 | 0.001 | 498 | 8 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| 2022 | 2 | 0.04 | 0.01–0.14 | 0.001 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.8 | 0% | ||
| NR | 8 | 0.47 | 0.30–0.66 | 0.79 | 482 | 7 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| Regions of the World Health Organization | ||||||||||
| AFR | 10 | 0.46 | 0.31–0.62 | 0.64 | 266 | 9 | 0.001 | >90% | 0.10 | |
| AMR | 19 | 0.45 | 0.33–0.56 | 0.37 | 2795 | 18 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| EMR | 10 | 0.41 | 0.26–0.56 | 0.23 | 598 | 9 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| EUR | 44 | 0.31 | 0.25–0.38 | 0.001 | 4874 | 43 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| SEAR | 6 | 0.32 | 0.16–0.54 | 0.1 | 550 | 5 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| WPR | 32 | 0.28 | 0.21–0.36 | 0.001 | 10,005 | 31 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| Survey tools | ||||||||||
| IES-R | 99 | 0.37 | 0.33–0.42 | 0.001 | 122,227 | 98 | 0.001 | >90% | 0.001 | |
| PCL-5 | 22 | 0.22 | 0.16–0.29 | 0.001 | 3638 | 21 | 0.001 | >99% | ||
| Survey settings | ||||||||||
| Inpatient | 5 | 0.32 | 0.16–0.54 | 0.11 | 43 | 4 | 0.001 | >90% | 0.19 | |
| Outpatient | 5 | 0.17 | 0.07–0.34 | 0.001 | 800 | 4 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| Mixed settings | 25 | 0.37 | 0.28–0.47 | 0.013 | 3452 | 24 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| Online | 76 | 0.36 | 0.31–0.42 | 0.001 | 15,460 | 65 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
| NR | 10 | 0.26 | 0.15–0.40 | 0.002 | 408 | 9 | 0.001 | >90% | ||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; WHO, World Health Organization; AFR, African Region; AMR, Region of the Americas; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean Region; EUR, European Region; SEAR, South East Asian Region; WPR, Western Pacific Region; NR, not reported by the authors; IES- R, Impact of Event Scale - Revised; PCL, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist;.