Table 2.
All prior cases of Bartonella henselae vertebral osteomyelitis that required surgical management
| Author | Age | Sex | Clinical presentation | Immune status | Location | Imaging | Diagnostic test | Treatment (duration) | Outcome (duration of follow-up) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bernini et al., 1994[22] | 5 | Female | 2 weeks: Fever, back pain, lower extremity paresthesias, and numbness | ND | T8-10, paravertebral abscess | XR, CT, BS | Biopsy, Afipia felis PCR, Bartonella henselae PCR (−) | Nafcillin (>18 days), irrigation and debridement of the paravertebral abscess via an open posterior approach, laminectomy at T9, laminotomies at T8,10, CRO (3 weeks) | CR (2 years) |
| Abdel-Haq et al., 2005[10] | 5 | Male | 3 weeks: Fever, headache, abdominal pain, torticollis, neck stiffness | Immunocompetent | T4-T7, epidural abscess, liver, spleen | CT, BS, MRI | Surgical specimen histopathology, Warthin-Starry (−), IgG (+), IgM (−) | CRO+VAN (ND), surgical drainage of mass on the right of the T4-T7 vertebrae suggestive of epidural abscess, CLR (2 weeks), TMP/SMX (8 weeks) | CR (8 weeks) |
| Vermeulen et al., 2006[11] | 9 | Female | 3 days: Fever, neck pain, torticollis | ND | C4-6, paravertebral mass | BS, MRI | Surgical specimen histopathology, IgM (+), PACR | Drainage of purulent material within thick fibrous capsule of prevertebral lesion at C5-6 via anterior cervical approach, AMC (3 weeks) | CR (3 months) |
| Hussain and Rathore, 2007[12] | 3 | Male | 1 week: Fever, back pain, stiff gait, LAD | ND | T12, paravertebral mass | CT, BS, MRI | IgG (+), IgM (−), PCR | Cefazolin (ND), CLI+GEN (8 weeks), TMP/SMX (4 weeks) | Extension of mass (3 weeks), treated with CT-guided drainage; CR (3 months) |
| Tasher et al., 2009[13] | 5 | Male | 2 weeks: Fever, tonsillitis, neck pain, torticollis, LAD | Immunocompetent | C3-5, epidural abscess | CT, MRI | PCR, IgM (+), IgG (−) | Cloxacillin+GEN+CRO (ND), surgical drainage of 6.3 mm epidural abscess with C3-5 laminectomy, GEN+RIF (4 weeks), RIF+AZM (6 weeks) | CR (9 weeks) |
| Mirouse et al., 2015[14] | 14 | Male | ND: Fever, cat scratch, neck pain, torticollis, LAD | Immunocompetent | C2 | CT, MRI | Serological tests (−) then (+) | AZM (ND) prior to admission, surgical drainage of purulent joint effusion around the right C1-C2 articulation, AMC+CIP+GEN (15 days), AMC+CIP (2.5 months) | CR (6 months) |
| Present case | 2 | Male | 2 months: Neck pain, irritability, torticollis, drooling | Immunocompetent | C1 | XR, CT, MRI | Bone fragment histopathology, IgG (+), IgM (−) | Surgical fusion of C1/C2, VAN+piperacillin-tazobactam (9 d), VAN+CRO (13 days), AZM+RIF (6 weeks) | CR (6 years) |
Age, Gender/Sex, clinical presentation, immune status, location of lesion, significant imaging, diagnostic test, treatment, and Outcomes including duration of follow-up. Age given in years. Imaging refers to studies that demonstrated findings. M indicates Male, F - Female, mo - Month(s), wk - Week(s), d - Day(s), yr - Year(s), LAD - Lymphadenopathy, C - Cervical vertebra, T - Thoracic vertebra, XR - Radiography, CT - Computerized tomography, BS - Bone scintigraphy, MRI - Magnetic resonance imaging,
PCR - Polymerase chain reaction, AMC - Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, AZM - Azithromycin, CRO - Ceftriaxone, CLR - Clarithromycin, CLI - Clindamycin, CIP - Ciprofloxacin, GEN - Gentamicin, RIF - Rifampin, TMP/SMX - Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, VAN - Vancomycin, CR - Complete resolution, ND - No data or not documented