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. 2022 Oct 17;44(4):695–709. doi: 10.1038/s41401-022-00998-0

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Pharmacological Society 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 4 — When endothelial dysfunction occurs, listed markers of endothelial dysfunction related to endothelial inflammation, thrombosis, glycocalyx damage, vascular tone are widely used. Angpt-2 angiopoietin-2, CCL2 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, ECs endothelial cells, FMD flow-mediated dilation, HMWM high-molecular-weight multimers, IL-1β interleukin-1β, IL-6 interleukin 6, PDGF-BB platelet-derived growth factor BB, s-Flt soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase, sICAM1 soluble ICAM1, sVCAM1 soluble VCAM1, sVE-cadherin soluble vascular endothelial cadherin, TF tissue factor, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor, VEGF-A vascular endothelial growth factor A, vWF von Willebrand factor.