Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
| Total (n = 180) | T2D − DKD (n = 115) | T2D + DKD (n = 65) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56.00 (47.00, 60.00) | 56.00 (46.00, 60.00) | 56.00 (47.00, 61.00) | ns |
| Male (n, %) | 119, 66.1% | 68, 59.1% | 51, 78.5% | 0.008 |
| Duration of T2D (years) | 4.79 (1.00, 10.72) | 4.00 (1.00, 10.16) | 5.00 (2.04, 13.87) | ns |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.01 (22.95, 27.52) | 24.52 (22.32, 26.91) | 25.65 (23.92, 28.03) | 0.025 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 72, 40% | 37, 32.2% | 35, 53.8% | 0.004 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 134.06 ± 17.76 | 130.97 ± 16.20 | 139.54 ± 19.14 | 0.002 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 84.51 ± 10.59 | 82.33 ± 9.20 | 88.37 ± 11.81 | 0.001 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 8.51 (6.88, 10.90) | 8.51 (6.93, 10.90) | 8.40 (6.84, 10.77) | ns |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.30 (7.00, 10.23) | 8.30 (7.00, 10.33) | 8.30 (7.10, 10.07) | ns |
| Hb (g/L) | 144.18 ± 17.21 | 143.67 ± 17.31 | 145.03 ± 17.14 | ns |
| Albumin (g/L) | 45.50 (41.35, 48.90) | 46.90 (42.20, 49.30) | 44.25 (39.78, 47.48) | 0.007 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.66 (3.88, 5.40) | 4.70 (3.98, 5.46) | 4.63 (3.65, 5.26) | ns |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.69 (1.10, 2.64) | 1.54 (1.03, 2.36) | 2.02 (1.19, 2.82) | 0.044 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.27) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.33) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.19) | 0.010 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.97 (2.33, 3.63) | 3.04 (2.38, 3.70) | 2.81 (2.23, 3.34) | ns |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 66.00 (54.35, 75.55) | 63.80 (52.60, 72.00) | 71.70 (59.50, 99.90) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 101.77 (92.47, 109.48) | 101.96 (96.51, 109.62) | 97.37 (69.05, 108.38) | 0.005 |
| UACR ≥ 30 mg/g (n, %) | 64, 35.6% | 0 | 64, 98.5% | – |
| SIL-18 (pg/ml) | 163.62 (117.63, 230.97) | 166.76 (122.62, 231.96) | 150.17 (109.05, 218.35) | ns |
| UIL-18 (pg/mg UCr) | 140.82 (95.29, 227.40) | 128.28 (82.67, 204.14) | 193.24 (102.78, 257.81) | 0.005 |
| Cf-PWV (m/s) | 8.30 (7.03, 9.70) | 7.90 (6.80, 9.20) | 9.20 (7.50, 10.25) | <0.001 |
| Cr-PWV (m/s) | 9.45 (8.43, 10.30) | 9.30 (8.40, 10.20) | 9.60 (8.60, 10.75) | ns |
BMI, body mass index; cf-PWV, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity; cr-PWV, carotid–radial pulse wave velocity; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG, fast blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SIL-18, serum interleukin-18; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; T2D, type 2 diabetes; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; UCr, urinary creatinine; UIL-18, urinary interleukin-18.