Table 2.
Univariate analysis of relationship between logarithmic serum or urinary IL-18 levels and characteristics of type 2 diabetes.
| Total (n = 180) | T2D − DKD (n = 115) | T2D + DKD (n = 65) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UIL-18 a | SIL-18 a | UIL-18 a | SIL-18 a | UIL-18 a | SIL-18 a | |||||||
| r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | |
| Age | 0.224 | 0.002 | 0.128 | ns. | 0.209 | 0.025 | 0.088 | ns. | 0.239 | ns. | 0.245 | ns. |
| Male | −0.253 | 0.001 | 0.020 | ns. | −0.350 | <0.001 | 0.056 | ns. | −0.170 | ns. | −0.010 | ns. |
| Duration of T2D | 0.259 | <0.001 | −0.110 | ns. | 0.171 | ns. | −0.146 | ns. | 0.216 | ns. | −0.086 | ns. |
| BMI | 0.044 | ns. | 0.137 | ns. | 0.044 | ns. | 0.285 | 0.003 | −0.124 | ns. | −0.065 | ns. |
| Hypertension | 0.170 | 0.023 | 0.105 | ns. | 0.128 | ns. | 0.114 | ns. | 0.125 | ns. | 0.119 | ns. |
| SBP | 0.228 | 0.002 | 0.072 | ns. | 0.189 | 0.043 | 0.019 | ns. | 0.186 | ns. | 0.173 | ns. |
| DBP | 0.138 | ns. | 0.055 | ns. | 0.088 | ns. | 0.097 | ns. | 0.059 | ns. | 0.035 | ns. |
| FBG | 0.009 | ns. | 0.054 | ns. | −0.028 | ns. | 0.200 | 0.038 | 0.107 | ns. | −0.224 | ns. |
| HbA1c | 0.047 | ns. | −0.061 | ns. | 0.011 | ns. | 0.095 | ns. | 0.117 | ns. | −0.373 | 0.003 |
| Hb | −0.239 | 0.002 | 0.070 | ns. | −0.297 | 0.003 | 0.071 | ns. | −0.218 | 0.026 | 0.079 | ns. |
| Albumin | −0.305 | <0.001 | 0.288 | <0.001 | −0.175 | ns. | 0.346 | <0.001 | −0.466 | <0.001 | 0.151 | ns. |
| TC | 0.028 | ns. | 0.157 | 0.042 | 0.025 | ns. | 0.110 | ns. | 0.049 | ns. | 0.209 | ns. |
| TG | 0.064 | ns. | 0.179 | 0.020 | 0.011 | ns. | 0.177 | ns. | 0.059 | ns. | 0.181 | ns. |
| HDL | −0.093 | ns. | −0.070 | ns. | −0.072 | ns. | −0.074 | ns. | −0.026 | ns. | −0.120 | ns. |
| LDL | −0.026 | ns. | 0.190 | 0.014 | −0.038 | ns. | 0.160 | ns. | 0.038 | ns. | 0.219 | ns. |
| Creatinine | −0.037 | ns | 0.121 | ns | −0.278 | 0.003 | 0.135 | ns. | 0.246 | 0.048 | 0.206 | ns. |
| eGFR | −0.237 | <0.001 | −0.172 | 0.025 | −0.094 | ns. | −0.162 | ns. | −0.393 | 0.001 | −0.255 | 0.047 |
| UACR ≥ 30 mg/g | 0.224 | 0.003 | −0.079 | ns. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| UIL-18 a | 1 | – | 0.219 | 0.004 | 1 | – | 0.111 | ns. | 1 | – | 0.448 | <0.001 |
| SIL-18 a | 0.219 | 0.004 | 1 | – | 0.111 | ns. | 1 | – | 0.448 | <0.001 | 1 | – |
| cf-PWV | 0.309 | <0.001 | 0.080 | ns. | 0.164 | ns. | −0.004 | ns. | 0.418 | <0.001 | 0.245 | ns. |
| cr-PWV | −0.044 | ns. | −0.072 | ns. | −0.002 | ns. | −0.118 | ns. | −0.192 | ns. | 0.027 | ns. |
a, Urinary and serum IL-18 levels were analyzed as naturally logarithmically transformed values.
BMI, body mass index; cr-PWV, carotid–radial pulse wave velocity; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG, fast blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SIL-18, serum interleukin-18; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; T2D, type 2 diabetes; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; UIL-18, urinary interleukin-18. ns, no significance.