Table 2.
Samples of social isolation definitions applied in studies included in the analysis.
| Author (year) | Definitions of social isolation used in the article |
|---|---|
| Kirtane et al. (2022) | Physical and emotional social isolation is experienced during special circumstances (COVID-19). |
| Takemura et al. (2021) | A social relationship shortfall can be quantified by social network size, diversity, or frequency of contacts. |
| Liu B et al. (2021) and Liu Y et al. (2021) | People are isolated from interpersonal interaction and relationships. It is considered social isolation if people have limited social contact or communication and limited participation in social activities or meetings with friends. |
| Kudjawu and Agyeman-Yeboah (2021) | Social isolation refers to avoidance behaviors and feelings of isolation while dealing with breast cancer. |
| Liu B et al. (2021) and Liu Y et al. (2021) | Social isolation refers to an individual’s unsatisfied social desire and failure to interact well with the outside world, accompanied by negative emotions such as loneliness and helplessness and negative behaviors such as apathy and rejection. |
| Morreale et al. (2020) | Feelings of being avoided, excluded, detached, disconnected, or not being known to others. |
| Yuan et al. (2020) | In traditional sociological terminology, social isolation entails a sense of anomie, which includes feelings of loneliness, inequality with others, and uselessness. |
| Wang et al. (2020) | Social isolation refers to the phenomenon that an individual is automatically isolated from other people and society when they are treated negatively by the world during social interaction, resulting in negative emotions such as loneliness and helplessness, and showing negative behaviors such as avoidance and rejection. |
| Zhu et al. (2019) | Social isolation refers to people believing that their relationships are insufficient to meet the quality and quantity of their social needs. |
| Raque-Bogdan et al. (2019) | The term “survivor loneliness” is used to represent the social isolation that may occur after cancer treatment. On an intrapersonal level, survivors described feeling alone as a result of acting inauthentically in relationships, feeling out of control of their bodies after the treatment, and feeling alone in their experience. |
| van Roij et al. (2019) | Social isolation refers to an abnormal life with an abnormal social network. |
| Carduff et al. (2018) | Inability to socialize or maintain existing relationships or develop new ones. |
| Parton et al. (2017) | According to some women, social isolation refers to being in a life stage that is not consistent with the life stages of their peers. |
| Biagioli et al. (2017) | Protective isolation is used to keep patients away from infections that may negatively affect them. |
| Hinzey et al. (2016) | A person’s level of perceived social isolation (colloquially, loneliness) can be measured objectively based on criteria such as the size of their social network and number/frequency of interactions with others, or subjectively based on how isolated they perceive themselves to be. |
| Jeong et al. (2016) | Social interactions provide a means of measuring social isolation objectively. |
| Kroenke et al. (2013) | Small social networks are considered social isolation. |
| Fu et al. (2013) | Intentionally avoiding social or public appearances or contact. The five components that make up a social network are a spouse or intimate partner, the number of first-degree female relatives (living mother, number of biological daughters, number of full sisters), friendship relationships, religious or social ties, and community involvement. |
| Lee et al. (2011) | Social isolation, which refers to rejecting human contact, is practiced by patients as a way of protecting themselves. |
| Bennett et al. (2006) | Social isolation refers to physical and emotional isolation. It may have also been a means of protecting the self, friends, and family members. It is the result of attempting to appear “normal” and concealing one’s true emotions, along with avoidance behaviors. |
| Hagedoorn and Molleman (2006) | Social isolation is the result of other people avoiding cancer survivors, and the survivors isolate themselves from their families and friends because of concerns about appearances and reactions. |
| Høybye et al. (2005) | It isolates them from loved ones and from the social world they once enjoyed. |