Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of included HD studies.
| Author, Year | N(HC/HD) | Age (mean ± SD)(HC/HD) | Male (N.) (HC/HD) | Materials | Metabolites | Fasting status | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang, 2017 (51) | (47/22) | 65.32 (8.62)/43.77 (10.88) | 23/15 | Plasma | TRP, KYN, 3-HANA, QUIN | Tryptophan levels higher in HD group KYN levels significantly lower in HD group 3-HANA levels significantly lower in HD group QUIN levels significantly lower in HD group |
|
| Forrest, 2010 (52) | (11/14) | 52.11 (4.34)/48.95 (1.58) | 2/5 | Blood | TRP, KYN, 3-HANA | Tryptophan levels lower in HD group KYN levels lower in HD group 3-HANA levels higher in HD group |
|
| Christofides, 2006 (53) | (15/11) | 44.6 (9.0)/61.6 (7.5) | 4/3 | Blood | TRP | All subjects were fasted overnight | Tryptophan levels higher in HD group |
| Ruiz, 1995 (54) | (15/20) | 39(17.8)/36.1(14.9) | -/13 | Blood | TRP, KYN, 3-HANA | Lumbar CSF after overnight bed-rest and fasting. | Tryptophan levels higher in HD group KYN levels significantly lower in HD group 3-HANA levels significantly lower in HD group |
| Beal, 1992 (47) | (23/45) | 66 (2)/57 (2) | 13/27 | Postmortem | TRP, KYNA, 3-HK | Tryptophan levels higher in HD group KYNA levels significantly lower in HD group 3-HK levels higher in HD group |
|
| Belendiuk, 1980 (55) | (51/25) | 34.0 (11.5)/47.4 (11.3) | 30/16 | Blood | TRP, | Tryptophan levels significantly lower in HD group | |
| Guidetti, 2004 (56) | (17/3) | 61.0 (3.3)/72.1 (5.2) | – | Postmortem | KYNA, 3-HK, QUIN | KYNA levels significantly higher in HD group 3-HK levels lower in HD group QUIN levels significantly higher in HD group in low grade stage No significant changes in QUIN was observed in advanced stage |
|
| Jauch, 1995 (57) | (17/17) | 59 (19)/63 (12) | (15/9) | Postmortem | KYNA | KYNA levels lower in HD group | |
| Pearson S., 1992 (48) | (21/22) | 63 (14)/57 (13) | (17/11) | Postmortem | 3-HK | 3-HK levels significantly higher in HD group |