FIGURE 6.

Forest plot of comparison: high versus uncertain, outcome: 1.2 Physical function (WOMAC). A random-effects model was used because of significant heterogeneity (l² = 52%). Effect of land-based exercise compared to control when physical function outcomes were assessed using the WOMAC function subscale. Data are presented as standardized mean differences, with differences <0 favoring land-based exercise. Subgroup analysis showed similar effects for physical function in the high-compliance group [SMD −0.21 (95% CI −0.38, −0.05), I² = 0%] (p = 0.010) and those with the uncertain-compliance group [SMD −0.61 (95% CI −0.82, −0.40), I² = 49%] (p < 0.001).