Fig. 4.

Targeted metabolomics for small molecule biomarkers of oxidative stress and metabolic disruption detected using LC-MS-MS. Plasma levels of arginine (A), phenylalanine (B), tyrosine (C), isoleucine (D), homocysteine (E), cysteine (F), methionine (G) and histidine (H) 16 weeks after ACLR were normalised to their respective preoperative levels for each subject. No significant differences were found between groups at the onset of the study. Blue lines represent those subjects receiving magnetic intervention; red represents the sham control cohort. Also see Supplemental Table 7. Statistical analysis for within-group was carried out using a one-sample Wilcoxon and between-groups using a Mann–Whitney U, with ∗p ​< ​0.05 and ∗∗p ​< ​0.01. N ​= ​8–9 for control group and N ​= ​9–10 for PEMF group. ^#p < 0.05 represents the statistical significance also presented in Supplemental Table 7.