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. 2022 Oct 3;13:985478. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985478

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Copyright © 2022 Desikan, Linderman, Davis, Zarnitsyna, Ahmed and Antia

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Simulation of third and fourth boosts with the OM-vaccine show generation of higher titers to OM antigen than boosting with the WT-vaccine. (A) We plot antibody titers to WU and OM (subscripts) after WU-WU-WU-WU-WU and WU-WU-OM-OM-OM vaccinations. Titers to OM are similar after vaccination #3 with the WU-vaccine and OM-vaccine (solid light green and dashed dark green lines). However, a further vaccination #4 results in substantially higher antibody titers to OM when the OM-vaccine is used rather than the WU-vaccine (compare solid light green and dashed dark green lines). The bar graph at the right shows that vaccinations #3-#5 with the OM-vaccine (light green bars) result in much higher antibody titers to OM compared to when the WU-vaccine is used (dark green bars). (B) We plot antibody titers to the OM-specific versus conserved epitopes following WU-WU-OM-OM-OM vaccination. The overall increase in titers to OM (light green line) following vaccinations #4 & #5 arises from increases in the OM-specific antibody titer (dashed green line) and responses to the conserved epitopes do not increase (dashed brown line). This is shown in the bar-plot to the right where we see the antibody titer to the OM-specific epitopes (green bars) and shared epitopes (brown bars).