Table 2.

Examples of synthesis of engineered nanomaterials using algae/bacteria/yeast.

Nanoparticle (NP)	Plant species	Size (nm)	Shape	Applications	References
Ag-NP	Padina pavonia	49.58–86.37	Spherical, triangular, rectangular, polyhedral, and hexagonal	–	(Abdel-Raouf et al., 2019)
	Trichodesmium erythraeum	26.5	Cubic	Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae	(Sathishkumar et al., 2019)
	Caulerpa racemosa	5–25	Face-centered cubic	Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis	(Kathiraven et al., 2015)
	Botryococcus braunii	40–100	Face-centered cubic	Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. aureus and Fusarium oxysporum	(Arya et al., 2018)
	C. racemosa	5–25	Face-centered cubic	S. aureus and Proteus mirabilis	(Kathiraven et al., 2015)
	Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica	3.30–17.97	Quasi-spherical	E. coli and Bacillus cereus	(Hamouda et al., 2019)
	Gracilaria birdiae	20.2-94.9	Spherical	E. coli and S. aureus	(de Aragão et al., 2019)
Pd-NP	Sargassum bovinum	50–150	Spherical	Electrocatalytic activities toward hydrogen peroxide	(Siddiqi and Husen, 2016)
	Spirulina platensis	10–20	Spherical	Tested as adsorbent	(Sayadi et al., 2018)
Cu-NP	Macrocystis pyrifera	2–50	Spherical		(Araya-Castro et al., 2021)
	Eryngium caucasicum	<40	Spherical	E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, and S. aureus	(Hasheminya and Dehghannya, 2020)
Zn-NP	Chlorella	20 ± 2.2	Hexagonal	Photodegradation of Dibenzothiophene (DBT) aqueous solution	(Hasheminya and Dehghannya, 2020)
	Ulva lactuca, and Stoechospermum marginatum	12–17	Spherical and round	Antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer applications	(Anjali et al., 2021)