Table 4.
Summary of Clinical Trials
| Primary author/year | Country | Probiotic intervention | Total CFU | Study design | N(I/C) | Startweek | BaselineGBS ++ | GBS Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sharpe et al., 2019 | Canada | UREX™ • L. rhamnosus GR-1 • L. reuteri RC-14 |
5 × 109 | RCT | 114 (58/ 56) | 23-25 | Not done | NS (p=.48) at 35-37 weeks |
| Olsen et al., 2018 | Australia | L rhamnosus GR-1 | 1 × 108 | RCT | 34 (21/ 13) | 36 | 100% | NS (p = 0.7, FET) |
| Ho et al., 2016 | Taiwan | UREX™ • L rhamnosus GR-1, • L reuteri RC-14 |
2 × 109 | RCT | 99 (49/50) | 36 | 100%/ | Significant ↓ in GBS (p=0.007); 50% ↓ in probiotic vs 18% placebo |
| (Martiń et al., 2019) | Spain | L salivarius CECT 9145 | 9 × 109 | Pros. cohort | 57 (39/18) | 26 | 100%/ 0% | ~70% ↓ in GBS; CFU counts significantly ↓ |
| Di Pierro et al., 2016 | Italy | iNatal® • Enterococcus faecium L3 LMG P-27496 • Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB12 DSM 15954 • Lactobacillus casei R025 CNCM I-3429 • Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis SP 38 DSM 26868 |
14 × 109 | Cohort open-label | 406 (127/279) | 30 | NA | 6% ↓ in GBS; 30% ↓ in PROM (p<.001); ↓ GI symptoms |
| Hanson et al., 2014 | USA | Florajen3® • Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM • Bifodobacterium longum Bl-05 • Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 |
15 × 109 | Quasi-exper. | 20 (10/10) | 28 ±2 | NA | ↓GI symptoms ↓GBS colony counts |
CFU = colony forming units; I = intervention group; C = control group; GBS = Group B streptococcus; RCT = randomized controlled trial; NS = non-significant; FET = Fischer’s exact test; PROM = premature rupture of membranes; Pros. = prospective study; NA = not available; GI = gastrointestinal; Quasi-exper. = quasi-experiment.