Table 2.
Selected scanning mutagenesis studies of EmrE
| Mutations tested | Substrates tested | Assay | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scan: all residues to Ala, Gly, and Val | Ethidium, acriflavine, methyl viologen | Bacterial resistance | (88) |
| Scan: all residues to Cys | Ethidium | Bacterial resistance | (85) |
| 33 variants of mechanistically important residues | 12 drugs including polyaromatics, quaternary ammonium cations, and antiseptics with alkyl tails | Bacterial resistance | (89) |
| 18 mutations in helix 1, loop 1, and helix 2 to Cys | TPP+ | Binding (purified, reconstituted protein) | (144) |
| 48 mutations throughout protein to Cys | Methyl viologen, acriflavine, ethidium | Bacterial resistance | (145) |
| All Glycines (12) mutated to Cys, Ala, Pro | Methyl viologen, acriflavine, ethidium | Bacterial resistance | (146) |
| All Tyrosines (5) mutated to various residues. 18 total mutants tested. | Methyl viologen, TPP+ | Transport and binding experiments | (62) |
| All Tryptophans (4) mutated to Cys. | TPP+, methyl viologen, acriflavine, ethidium | Transport, binding, and bacterial resistance experiments | (86) |
| All acidic and basic residues (10) mutated to various residues | Ethidium, acriflavine, methyl viologen | Transport and bacterial resistance experiments | (60) |