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. 2022 Oct 3;13:954938. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.954938

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Mechanisms of the protective role of garlic in the treatment of atherosclerosis. ACAT, cholesterol acyltransferase; CEH, Cholesteryl ester hydrolase; LCAT, Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LPL, Lipoprotein lipase; HL, Hepatic lipase; MTP, Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; ABCA1, ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1; HMGCR, Hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; FAS, Fatty acid synthase; SREBP, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein; TLR, Toll-like receptors; CRP, C-reaction protein; PPARγ, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Gamma; LXRα, Liver X receptor α; IL-10, Interleukin-10; SHIP1, Src homology-2-containing inositol 5′-phosphatase 1; STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Arg1, Arginase1; IRAK4, Interleukin-1 receptor-activated kinase 4; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-B; IFN-g, Interferon gamma; NADPH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; PARP, Poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase; MMPs, Matrix metalloproteinases; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α; Fas, Fatty acid synthase; Bax, BCL2-Associated X; Bid, Recombinant Human BH3-Interacting Domain Death Agonist; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2; CaSR, Calcium-sensing receptor; eNOS, Endothelin nitric oxide synthase; ICAM-1, Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1; VCAM-1, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1; ERK1/2, Extracellular regulated protein kinases; bFGF, Basic fibroblast growth factor; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; SIRT1, Sirtuin 1; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; PAI-1, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1; GSH, Glutathione; SOD, Superoxide Dismutase; NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1; γ-GCSc, γ -glutamylcysteine synthetase antibody; SOD-1, Superoxide Dismutase 1; MDA, Malondialdehyde; TXB2, Thromboxane B2.