. 2022 Sep 30;64(5):885–896. doi: 10.5187/jast.2022.e48

Table 2. Effect of different dietary copper (Cu) sources and levels on growth performance in growing pigs (n = 6/treatment).

Cu source	Added Cu level (mg/kg)	IBW (kg)	FBW (kg)	ADG (kg)	ADFI (kg)	G:F
CuSO₄	0	30.60	48.70^b	0.65	1.94	0.33
	50	30.44	50.24^ab	0.71	2.07	0.34
	100	30.72	49.94^ab	0.69	2.02	0.34
CuAA	0	30.60	48.70^b	0.65	1.94	0.33
	50	30.94	51.66^ab	0.74	2.03	0.37
	100	31.28	51.80^ab	0.73	2.00	0.37
CuHMB	0	30.60	48.70^b	0.65	1.94	0.33
	50	31.44	51.62^ab	0.72	2.02	0.36
	100	32.14	52.88^a	0.74	1.99	0.37
SEM		0.84	1.33	0.04	0.04	0.02
p-value for source × level		0.147	0.044	0.150	0.840	0.166
Main effect of source
CuSO₄		30.59	49.63	0.68	2.01	0.34
CuAA		30.94	50.72	0.71	1.99	0.36
CuHMB		31.39	51.07	0.70	1.98	0.35
SEM		0.46	0.80	0.02	0.02	0.01
p-value for source		0.467	0.418	0.690	0.622	0.481
Main effect of level
	0	30.60	48.70^b	0.65^b	1.94^b	0.33
	50	30.94	51.17^ab	0.72^a	2.04^a	0.35
	100	31.38	51.54^a	0.72^a	2.00^a	0.36
SEM		0.46	0.74	0.02	0.02	0.01
p-value for level		0.491	0.019	0.015	0.001	0.299

^a,b

Values with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (p < 0.05).

IBW, initial body weight; FBW, final body weight; ADG, average daily gain; ADFI, average daily feed intake; G:F, gain to feed; CuSO₄, copper sulfate; CuAA, Cu-amino acid complex; CuHMB, Cu-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoate chelate complex.