Fig. 1. Flow-chart and timeline of acute and chronic models of OIPN.

In the acute model of OIPN, the oxaliplatin was administrated i.p. once per day for 5 consecutive days; the pain-like behavior tests were carried out on the 1st day after the last dosing. In the chronic model of OIPN, the oxaliplatin was administrated i.v. twice per week for 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks without any treatment of oxaliplatin; the pain-like behaviors were studied on the 3rd day after the last dosing (at the end of the treatment period), and 4 weeks after the last dosing (at the end of the follow-up period). The timing of PPARγ agonists (ELB00824 or pioglitazone) or their vehicle (Veh) administration is indicated as blue syringes. The timing of oxaliplatin or vehicle (Veh) administration is indicated as red syringes. The prevention effects of ELB00824 were tested by co-administration ELB00824 with oxaliplatin via i.p. The treatment effect of ELB00824 was also tested at pre-dosing, 1 h and 2 h post i.p. dosing of ELB00824 on the 3rd day after the last dosing of oxaliplatin in the chronic model. B: behavior tests. S: Sacrifice and organ collection. T₀: pre-treatment period. h: hour. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)