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. 2022 Oct 17:1–9. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s13563-022-00354-y

Table 5.

Metal price forecast results for the 2022–2030 period for nickel, zinc, and tin

Nickel Zinc Tin
Holt Holt Brown
Date Forecast Lower limit 95% CI Upper limit 95% CI Forecast Lower limit 95% CI Upper limit 95% CI Forecast Lower limit 95% CI Upper limit 95% CI
2022 18,690.78 8406.37 28,975.19 3026.69 1980.5 4072.87 27,399.89 19,538.95 35,260.82
2023 19,059.16 4521.39 33,596.93 3086.59 1606.9 4566.22 28,888.99 19,242.87 38,535.11
2024 19,427.55 1625.01 37,230.08 3146.48 1334.1 4958.81 30,378.09 18,698.95 42,057.23
2025 19,795.93  − 759.35 40,351.21 3206.37 1113.4 5299.25 31,867.19 17,944.77 45,789.62
2026 20,164.32  − 2816.4 43,145.07 3266.26 926.15 5606.37 33,356.29 17,006.41 49,706.17
2027 20,532.70  − 4641.0 45,706.42 3326.15 762.47 5889.83 34,845.39 15,902.53 53,788.25
2028 20,901.09  − 6289.4 48,091.58 3386.04 616.72 6155.37 36,334.49 14,646.94 58,022.05
2029 21,269.47  − 7798.3 50,337.25 3445.94 485.15 6406.72 37,823.59 13,250.27 62,396.92
2030 21,637.86  − 9193.2 52,468.92 3505.83 365.17 6646.49 39,312.70 11,720.97 66,904.42