Table 3.
Major COVID-19 RCTs that assessed AKI outcomes
| Trial name | No. of patients | Treatment arms | Patient population | Definition of AKI | AKI outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-inflammatory therapies | |||||
| RECOVERY (dexamethasone)11 | 6,425 | Dexamethasone versus usual care | Hospitalized adults | Receipt of KRT | RR 0.61 (95% CI 0.48–0.76) |
| RECOVERY (tocilizumab)19 | 4,116 | Tocilizumab versus usual care | Hospitalized adults | Receipt of KRT | RR 0.72 (95% CI 0.58–0.90) |
| RECOVERY (baricitinib)25 | 8,156 | Baricitinib versus usual care | Hospitalized adults | Receipt of KRT | RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.59–1.03) |
| ACTT-2 (ref. 22) | 1,033 | Baricitinib + RDV versus placebo + RDV | Hospitalized adults | AKI or kidney failurea |
Baricitinib + RDV: 5/507 (1.0%) Placebo + RDV: 16/509 (3.1%) |
| Antiviral therapies | |||||
| ACTT-1 (ref. 32) | 1,048 | RDV versus placebo | Hospitalized adults | GFR decreased, AKI or failurea |
RDV: 14/532 (2.6%) Placebo: 17/516 (3.3%) |
| Antithrombotic therapies | |||||
| INSPIRATION163 | 562 | Intermediate- versus standard-dose anticoagulation | Critically ill adults | Receipt of KRT | OR 1.49; (95% CI 0.58–3.86) |
| RECOVERY (Aspirin)65 | 14,892 | Aspirin versus usual care | Hospitalized adults | Receipt of KRT | RR 0.99 (95% CI 0.84–1.17) |
| Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (neutralizing) antibody therapies | |||||
| CONCOR-1 (ref. 100) | 938 | Convalescent plasma versus standard of care | Hospitalized adults | Receipt of KRT | RR 0.83 (95% CI 0.31–2.27) |
| RECOVERY (casirivimab/imdevimab)110 | 9,785 | Casirivimab/imdevimab versus usual care | Hospitalized adults | Receipt of KRT | RR 1.04 (95% CI 0.86–1.28) |
| Therapies targeting the RAAS | |||||
| BRACE-CORONA141 | 659 | Discontinuing versus continuing ACEi/ARB | Hospitalized adults | Receipt of KRT | RR 2.0 (95% CI 0.80–5.37) |
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AKI, acute kidney injury; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; KRT, kidney replacement therapy; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RDV, remdesivir; RR, relative risk. aDefinitions not available.