Table 1.

Intervention components, adaptations, and justification

Intervention	Adaptation	Justification
1. Ask all patients if they smoke 2. Advise smokers to quit 3. Assist with brief counseling	▪ Added specific health risks of cigarette and dual use among HIV patients to provider-delivered advice and brief counseling	▪ High rates of dual use in this among this patient population in Vietnam. ▪ Lack of patient knowledge about the risks of tobacco use in general and specific impact on HIV-related health outcomes.
Quitline counseling	No content modifications	Study design compares multisession cessation counseling tailored to PLWH to the usual care service of the Quitline.
Nurse-delivered 6-session counseling intervention	Integrated content from Positively Smoke Free [47, 48]. Used findings to further address individual, sociocultural, structural, and interpersonal factors that influence tobacco use in this population	Changes to manual to address theory-driven barriers to quitting among PLWH who smoke (e.g., build culturally appropriate refusal skills to address smoking norms among peers, and coworkers).
Text messages (SMS)	▪ SMS program added to arms 2 and 3 ▪ SMS library content tailored to align with counseling session content [49]	Maintain motivation and engagement in between sessions and reinforce session content.
NRT	▪ Replaced patch with gum and extended to 6 weeks	▪ Patches are not available in Vietnam; therefore, gum is a sustainable alternative