Table 3.
The mean and peak concentrations of UFP during different dental procedures, and the corresponding ratios over baselinea or backgroundb concentrations.
| Dental procedures | Number | Mean (SD) |
Peak |
Baseline conc.a |
Ratio of mean conc./Baseline |
Ratio of peak conc./Baseline |
Background conc.b |
Ratio of mean conc./Background level |
Ratio of peak conc./Background level |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| counts/cm3 | counts/cm3 | counts/cm3 | Mean (SD) | Min-Max | Mean (SD) | Min-Max | counts/cm3 | Mean (SD) | Min-Max | Mean (SD) | Min-Max | ||
| Drilling (D) | 30 | 9,832 (3,329) | 28,916 | 7,387 | 1.33 (0.37) | 1.00–2.58 | 1.61 (0.69) | 1.01–4.19 | 6,068 | 1.63 (0.58) | 0.92–3.37 | 1.98 (1.03) | 1.01–5.47 |
| Grinding (G) | 27 | 13,695 (5,518) | 62,233 | 9,793 | 1.43 (0.41) | 0.94–2.25 | 1.87 (1.07) | 1.00–6.13 | 7,449 | 1.91 (0.53) | 0.95–3.16 | 2.45 (1.21) | 1.15–7.04 |
| Laser periodontal treatment (L) | 16 | 20,176 (16,618) | 241,136 | 9,915 | 2.1 (1.82) | 0.93–8.92 | 4.05 (5.83) | 1.04–26.52 | 8,455 | 2.79 (2.42) | 0.98–11.07 | 5.37 (7.46) | 1.06–32.90 |
| Ultrasonic scaling (U) | 12 | 10,556 (3,495) | 20,088 | 10,818 | 0.99 (0.12) | 0.86–1.26 | 1.09 (0.13) | 0.96–1.36 | 7,147 | 1.32 (0.39) | 0.91–2.01 | 1.45 (0.42) | 0.98–2.07 |
| Low-speed handpiece (LSH) | 10 | 11,129 (6,939) | 30,902 | 10,088 | 1.08 (0.14) | 0.80–1.25 | 1.17 (0.18) | 0.81–1.41 | 8,093 | 1.46 (1.33) | 0.84–2.58 | 1.57 (0.58) | 0.85–2.74 |
| Root canal filling (RCF) | 22 | 20,347 (5,036) | 75,034 | 10,625 | 1.98 (0.58) | 1.09–3.29 | 3.22 (1.37) | 1.47–7.24 | 7,522 | 2.87 (0.82) | 1.04–4.38 | 4.66 (1.9) | 1.26–9.75 |
| Power drill (P) | 32 | 11,941 (3,517) | 36,015 | 9,244 | 1.33 (0.41) | 0.91–2.49 | 1.72 (0.9) | 1.05–4.64 | 6,608 | 1.87 (0.71) | 0.94–3.90 | 2.41 (1.21) | 1.00–6.67 |
| Piezo-surgery (PS) | 22 | 8,986 (2,803) | 17,092 | 8,895 | 1.01 (0.07) | 0.89–1.18 | 1.10 (0.14) | 0.93–1.46 | 6,261 | 1.49 (0.49) | 0.71–2.22 | 1.62 (0.55) | 0.74–2.49 |
| Simple extraction (SE) | 23 | 5,688 (1,965) | 11,692 | 5,580 | 1.02 (0.09) | 0.81–1.29 | 1.08 (0.11) | 0.87–1.39 | 5,663 | 0.96 (0.43) | 0.47–2.11 | 1.02 (0.47) | 0.49–2.23 |
a: baseline concentrations: the mean concentrations of UFP during 10 min prior to the dental procedures.
b: background concentrations: the mean concentrations of UFP during non-working hours.
Definition of abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; conc., concentration; Min, minimum; Max, maximum.