Table 2.
Demographic characteristics and their associations with nondirective support, directive support, depressive symptoms, diabetes distress, and HbA1c, n = 314
| Characteristic | Mean (SD) / n (%) | Nondirective support Mean (SD) | Directive support Mean (SD) | Post-intervention Depressive symptoms Mean (SD) | Post-intervention Diabetes distress Mean (SD) | Post-intervention HbA1c Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.24 (11.13) | |||||
| Correlations (r-values) | 0.03 | 0.05 | −0.13* | −0.17** | −0.21*** | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Women | 211 (67.85) | 3.91 (1.26) | 3.05 (1.43) | 5.80 (5.26) | 2.03 (1.17) | 7.97 (2.04) |
| Men | 100 (32.15) | 3.73 (1.25) | 3.00 (1.38) | 5.46 (5.28) | 2.04 (1.15) | 8.11 (1.83) |
| t values | 1.20 | 0.30 | 0.53 | −0.07 | −0.60 | |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 15.0 (14.50) | |||||
| Correlations (r-values) | −0.02 | −0.02 | 0.00 | −0.09 | 0.08 | |
| Educational (years) | 11.7 (3.72) | |||||
| Correlations (r-values) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.19*** | 0.07 | |
| Site | ||||||
| Imperial County, CA | 63 (20.26) | 3.69 (1.02) | 2.57 (1.24) | 5.62 (4.71) | 1.84 (0.98) | 8.18 (1.82) |
| San Francisco, CA | 63 (20.26) | 3.23 (1.52) | 2.38 (1.37) | 7.75 (6.37) | 2.47 (1.28) | 8.93 (1.98) |
| Rural Alabama | 146 (46.95) | 4.09 (1.19) | 3.53 (1.32) | 5.03 (4.85) | 1.93 (1.11) | 7.80 (1.98) |
| Ypsilanti, MI | 12 (3.86) | 4.31 (0.94) | 3.36 (1.45) | 4.17 (3.51) | 1.73 (1.22) | 6.96 (1.34) |
| Southwestern Detroit, MI | 27 (8.68) | 4.19 (1.03) | 2.88 (1.47) | 5.23 (5.48) | 2.17 (1.30) | 7.17 (1.77) |
| F values | 6.69*** | 11.01*** | 3.38* | 3.31* | 6.00*** |
*
p <0.05
**
p <0.01
***
p<0.001