Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Authors and year | Number of participants | Participants age: (mean ± standard deviation), year | Body mass index (mean ± standard deviation), kg/m2 | ActiGraph types | Positioning of ActiGraph | ActiGraph orientation (attachment bracket) | Signal processing | Reference system used | Duration of assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esliger et al. 2007 [52] | 38 | 34.3 ± 18 | 26.2 ± 4.3 | 7164 | Hip | Vertical in nylon pouch (belt) | NR | Manually counted | 4 min |
| Abel Mark et al. 2008 [24] | 20 | 29.4 | NR | GT1M | Hip | Vertical (NR) | SF: 30 Hz | Manually counted | 10 min |
| Sorti et al. 2008 [10] | 34 | 79.2 ± 6.0 | 26.9 ± 4.1 | NR | Hip | Lateral side of the hip (belt clip) | NR | Manually counted | 100 steps |
| Motl et al. 2011 [22] | 24 | 40.9 | 25.1 | 7164 | Hip | Vertical (elastic belt) | SF:0.25–2.5 Hz; DR: 0.05–3.2G | Manually counted | 6 min |
| Webber et al. 2014 [1] | 35 | 81.5 ± 5.0 | 25.8 | GT3X + | Hip | Anterior axillary line (elastic belt) | SF: 100 Hz; | Manually counted | 100 m |
| Feito et al. 2015 [25] | 22 | 23.8 | NR | GT3X + and GT1M | Hip | Anterior axillary line (elastic belt) | NR | Manually counted | 2 min |
| Lee et al. 2015 [27] | 43 | 20.9 ± 1.9 | 25.5 ± 2.7 | GT3X + | Hip | NR | SF: 30 Hz | Manually counted | 3 min |
| Hickey et al. 2016 [54] | 15 | 24.9 | 23.8 | GT3X + and 7164 | Hip | Anterior axillary line (elastic belt) | SF:0.25–2.5 Hz | Video recordings | 5 min |
| Riel et al. 2016 [57] | 30 | 27.9 | 23.6 | GT3X + | Hip | Lateral on right anterior superior iliac spine (elastic belt) | SF: 100 Hz; DR: 8G | Manually counted | 2 min |
| Webber et al. 2016 [16] | 38 | 83.2 ± 7.1 | NR | GT3X + | Hip and ankle | Anterior axillary line (strap) | NR | StepWatch monitor | 10 m and full day (11.6 ± 1.5 h) |
| Chow et al. 2017 [51] | 31 | 24 | 23.6 | GT3X + | Hip and wrist | NR | SF: 30 Hz | Video recordings | 3 min |
| Feng et al. 2017 [53] | 25 | 25.9 | NA | wGT3X − BT | Hip | NR (belt) | NR | Video recordings | 4 min |
| Hochsmann et al. 2018 [26] | 20 | 37.5 | 23.5 | wGTX + | Hip and wrist | NR | NR | Video recordings | 5 min |
| Jones et al. 2018 [56] | 30 | 33 | 24.1 | GT3X + | Hip | NR (elastic belt) | SF: 30 Hz | Manually counted | 4 min |
| Imboden et al. 2018 [55] | 30 | 49.2 ± 19.2 | 26.2 + -19.6 | GT3X + | Hip | Anterior axillary line (elastic waistband) | SF: 60 Hz | Manually counted | 2 to 15 min |
| Hergenroeder et al. 2018 [50] | 43 | 87 ± 5.7 | 26.1 ± 4.1 | GT3X + | Hip | Anterior aspect of the thigh (elastic belt) | NR | Manually counted | 100 steps |
| Kendall et al. 2019 [11] | 50 | 25.8 | 25,7 | wGT3X − BT | Hip | NR (belt) | NR | Manually counted | 2 min |
| Höchsmann et al. 2020 [58] | 30 | 25 | 22 | GT3X + | Hip and Wrist | NR | SF: 60 Hz | StepWatch monitor | 3 days (13hrs30) |
| Bezuidenhout et al. 2021 [61] | 30 | 42 ± 13 | NR | GT3X + | Hip and ankle | Iliac crest-hip and proximal to the lateral malleolus-ankle | SF: 30 Hz | StepWatch monitor | 40 m |
| Taoum et al. 2021 [60] | 20 | 23 ± 3 | 22.7 ± 3.0 | wGT3X + | Hip and Wrist | NR | SF: 30 Hz | Manually counted (step); GPS (distance) | Between 10 and 15 min; Total: 30 min |
| Karaca. et al. 2021 [59] | 29 | 26.3 ± 6.2 | 24.07 ± 2.3 | wGT3X − BT | Hip, Wrist and ankle | Mid-axillary line-hip (elastic belt); lateral side-wrist (band); lateral side-ankle (strap) | NR | Video recordings | 2 min |
NR non-reported, SF sampling frequency, DR dynamic range