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. 2022 Oct 17;11:44. doi: 10.1186/s40035-022-00318-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Intestinal overexpression of α-syn causes alterations of transcription profiles and microbiota composition. a Activation of intestinal immunity by intestinal α-syn. Antimicrobial peptide gene expression in the middle intestine of 28-day-old Drosophila using qPCR. Dpt, Diptericin; Attc, Attacin; Drs, Drosocin. n = 4. b Volcano plot comparing gene expression profiles of esg^TS > Syn and esg^TS > GFP in fly intestines. Red dots depict genes highly upregulated in esg^TS > Syn intestines (log2 fold change < 1; adjusted P < 0.01), and green dots depict genes significantly downregulated in esg^TS > Syn intestines (log2 fold change < 1; adjusted P < 0.01). Blue dots depict genes without significant alteration. c Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the significantly altered genes in esg^TS > Syn intestines. The top 20 GO terms for the 2231 upregulated genes are shown in red. The heights of the columns represent the alteration level of gene expression in this GO term. d Supervised hierarchical clustering of genes based on RNA-Seq scores. The relative expression levels of clustered genes are shown on the right on a scale of -1.5 (downregulated) to 1.5 (upregulated)