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. 2022 Oct 17;20:160. doi: 10.1186/s12964-022-00976-3

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

A proposed model of the role of CAV-1 in disrupting the integrity of the BBB under HH. Hypoxia treatment in cerebrovascular endothelial cells upregulates CAV-1 transcription by activating NRF1, thereby inducing a redistribution of the membranous claudin-5. Claudin-5 is further endocytosed by CAV-1-composed caveolae, impairing the integrity and permeability of the BBB. Moreover, endothelial autophagy mediates the clearance of aggregated claudin-5 in the cytosol, leading to BBB disruption and triggering HACE