TABLE 2.
Risk factors for cancer diagnosis after antiretroviral therapy initiation
| Characteristic | HR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | p‐Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 0.053 |
| Female | 1.56 (0.89–2.74) | 1.76 (0.99–3.12) | |
| Age at ART initiation | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 0.024 |
| ART initiation period | |||
| 2004–2007 | 1 | ‐ | |
| 2008–2010 | 1.14 (0.61–2.12) | ‐ | |
| 2011–2013 | 0.90 (0.43–1.90) | ‐ | |
| 2014–2017 | 0.61 (0.24–1.54) | ‐ | |
| Education | |||
| Primary or none | 1 | 1 | 0.231 |
| Secondary or tertiary | 0.57 (0.35–0.94) | 0.73 (0.44–1.22) | |
| Employment | |||
| Unemployed | 1 | ‐ | |
| Employed | 0.97 (0.58–1.62) | ‐ | |
| CD4 count categories at ART initiation (cells/mm3) | |||
| <100 | 1 | 1 | 0.007 a |
| 100–199 | 0.51 (0.28–0.92) | 0.49 (0.27–0.88) | |
| ≥200 | 0.42 (0.23–0.77) | 0.42 (0.23–0.77) | |
| WHO clinical stage at ART initiation | |||
| Stage 1 | 1 | ‐ | |
| Stage 2 | 1.70 (0.78–3.73) | ‐ | |
| Stage 3 | 2.33 (1.13–4.82) | ‐ | |
| Stage 4 | 2.77 (1.15–6.68) | ‐ |
Note: Covariates without statistically significant results in the univariable model were not included in the multivariable model. WHO stage was not included in the multivariable model due to collinearity with CD4 cell count. Bold type indicates statistically significant results. p‐Values are from the multivariable analysis model.
Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; HR, hazard ratio.
a
From likelihood ratio test.