Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants.
| NAFLD (n = 143) | Non-NAFLD (n = 597) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 16.323 ± 2.330 | 15.425 ± 2.242 | .00006 |
| Gender (%) | .00002 | ||
| Male | 68.728 | 47.529 | |
| Female | 31.272 | 52.471 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | .00373 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 45.080 | 54.667 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 6.234 | 10.647 | |
| Mexican American | 27.865 | 15.186 | |
| Other race | 20.821 | 19.499 | |
| Income to poverty ratio | 1.930 ± 1.509 | 2.640 ± 1.651 | .00005 |
| Diabetes (%) | .67200 | ||
| Yes | 1.853 | 0.953 | |
| No | 98.147 | 99.047 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.348 ± 6.620 | 22.889 ± 5.090 | <.00001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.151 ± 17.205 | 79.075 ± 12.212 | <.00001 |
| Laboratory features | |||
| HbA1c (%) | 5.239 ± 0.294 | 5.247 ± 0.391 | .82971 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.247 ± 0.820 | 4.022 ± 0.738 | .00252 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.441 ± 0.688 | 2.277 ± 0.625 | .06438 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.225 ± 0.254 | 1.385 ± 0.300 | <.00001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 34.641 ± 36.163 | 13.219 ± 5.419 | <.00001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 24.701 ± 16.826 | 19.729 ± 7.180 | <.00001 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 135.599 ± 91.895 | 153.442 ± 103.612 | .07592 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 24.028 ± 12.986 | 12.915 ± 5.997 | <.00001 |
| Serum iron (µmol/L) | 16.927 ± 7.778 | 16.451 ± 7.201 | .50970 |
| Total bone mineral density (µmol/L) | 1.073 ± 0.124 | 1.025 ± 0.120 | .00252 |
| CAP (dB/m) | 254.139 ± 69.290 | 210.251 ± 45.298 | <.00001 |
| LSM (kPa) | 5.487 ± 3.132 | 4.722 ± 1.593 | .00007 |
Mean + SD for continuous variables: P value was calculated by weighted linear regression model.
% for categorical variables: P value was calculated by weighted chi-square test.
ALP = alkaline phosphatase, ALT = alanine transaminase, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, BMI = body mass index, CAP = controlled attenuation parameter, GGT = gamma-glutamyl transferase, HbA1c (%) = glycated hemoglobin, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, LSM = liver stiffness measure, NAFLD = nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.