Table 2.

Association between NAFLD and total bone mineral density (g/cm²) stratified by gender.

	Model 1: β (95% CI, P)	Model 2: β (95% CI, P)	Model 3: β (95% CI, P)
Non-NAFLD	Reference	Reference	Reference
NAFLD	0.048 (0.025, 0.071) .00006	0.016 (–0.003, 0.035) .10899	0.012 (–0.015, 0.039) .39327
Males
Non-NAFLD	Reference	Reference	Reference
NAFLD	0.062 (0.030, 0.095) .00021	0.008 (–0.017, 0.033) .51872	0.011 (–0.028, 0.049) .59332
Females
Non-NAFLD	Reference	Reference	Reference
NAFLD	0.011 (–0.023, 0.046) .51859	0.008 (–0.022, 0.039) .58534	–0.021 (–0.068, 0.026) .38129

HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, NAFLD = nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Model 1: No covariates were adjusted. Model 2: Age, gender, race were adjusted.

Model 3: Age, gender, race, body mass index, poverty to income ratio, diabetes status, waist circumference, HbA1c (%), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, ALT, ALP, GGT, AST, serum iron, total bone mineral density, CAP and LSM were adjusted. In the subgroup analysis stratified by gender or race, the model is not adjusted for the stratification variable itself.