Table 3.

Association between NAFLD and total bone mineral density (g/cm²) stratified by race.

Race/ethnicity (%)	Model 1: β (95% CI), P	Model 2: β (95% CI), P	Model 3: β (95% CI), P
Non-Hispanic White
Non-NAFLD	Reference	Reference	Reference
NAFLD	0.074 (0.029, 0.119) .00137	0.042 (0.006, 0.078) .02410	0.007 (–0.036, 0.049) .75493
Non-Hispanic Black
Non-NAFLD	Reference	Reference	Reference
NAFLD	0.104 (0.036, 0.172) .00330	0.039 (–0.018, 0.097) .18237	0.063 (–0.055, 0.180) .30790
Mexican American
Non-NAFLD	Reference	Reference	Reference
NAFLD	0.014 (–0.029, 0.056) .53772	–0.017 (–0.052, 0.017) .33073	–0.081 (–0.164, 0.001) .06098
Other race
Non-NAFLD	Reference	Reference	Reference
NAFLD	0.023 (–0.014, 0.060) .22227	–0.008 (–0.040, 0.025) .64476	–0.013 (–0.049, 0.023) .47906

Model 1: No covariates were adjusted. Model 2: Age, gender, race were adjusted. Model 3: Age, gender, race, body mass index, poverty to income ratio, diabetes status, waist circumference, HbA1c (%), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, ALT, ALP, GGT, AST, serum iron, total bone mineral density, CAP and LSM were adjusted. In the subgroup analysis stratified by gender or race, the model is not adjusted for the stratification variable itself.

NAFLD = nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.