Table 2.

Weighted Cross-sectional Associations Between Current Tobacco Product Use and Functionally Important Respiratory Symptoms at Wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study,^a and Influence of Key Confounders

Risk factor at baseline	Key Confoundersb Included in Multivariable Regression
	No key confounders		Cigarette pack years		Second-hand smoke		Current marijuana use		Full multivariable model
	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI
Wave 2 past month tobacco usec
Never	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Former	1.28	[1.03, 1.60]	0.96	[0.77, 1.21]	1.28	[1.02, 1.59]	1.23	[0.99, 1.53]	0.93d	[0.74, 1.17]
Exclusive use categories
Cigarette	3.82	[3.18, 4.60]	2.65	[2.18, 3.21]	3.55	[2.96, 4.26]	3.52	[2.92, 4.25]	2.34	[1.92, 2.85]
E-cigarette	1.53	[0.98, 2.40]	1.14	[0.73, 1.79]	1.51	[0.96, 2.39]	1.39	[0.90, 2.14]	1.05d	[0.67, 1.63]
Cigars	1.04	[0.63, 1.73]	0.87	[0.51, 1.48]	1.04	[0.63, 1.72]	0.94	[0.56, 1.58]	0.78d	[0.45, 1.36]
Smokeless	0.86	[0.55, 1.34]	0.79	[0.51, 1.22]	0.86	[0.55, 1.34]	0.84	[0.54, 1.31]	0.77d	[0.50, 1.20]
Hookah	1.00	[0.60, 1.67]	0.85	[0.51, 1.41]	1.00	[0.60, 1.67]	0.92	[0.55, 1.53]	0.78d	[0.47, 1.29]
Multiple use categories
Cigarette + e-cigarette	3.69	[2.85, 4.78]	2.52	[1.97, 3.22]	3.29	[2.52, 4.29]	3.33	[2.56, 4.33]	2.13	[1.64, 2.77]
Combustible only	3.45	[2.78, 4.29]	2.61	[2.11, 3.22]	3.24	[2.61, 4.03]	2.85	[2.24, 3.63]	2.08	[1.64, 2.64]
Othere combustible + noncombustible	3.29	[2.67, 4.05]	2.48	[2.00, 3.08]	3.04	[2.45, 3.76]	2.75	[2.19, 3.44]	2.00	[1.58, 2.53]
Other smoke-related exposures
Cigarette pack years (per each additional 5 pack years)	N/A	N/A	1.13	[1.10, 1.17]	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.13	[1.09, 1.16]
Second-hand smoke exposure(per each additional 5 hours/week)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.03	[1.02, 1.04]	N/A	N/A	1.02	[1.01, 1.03]
Past-month marijuana usef
No	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.62	[1.40, 1.88]	1.60	[1.37, 1.87]

N = 16 295 respondents with complete data at Wave 2. In this table, functionally important respiratory symptoms are defined using a respiratory symptom score of ≥3.

All risk ratios (RR) adjust for the variables in the table, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, CHF, heart attack, diabetes, cancer, BMI, asthma status, regular use of beta blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers or ace inhibitors, and living in an urban area.

Data are not presented for exclusive pipe (N = 44), and dual ENDS + Smokeless (N = 20) users due to small sample size. Never tobacco user category includes former experimental (e.g., lifetime use of <100 cigarettes) users; former established user category user includes all established users (e.g., lifetime use of more than 100 cigarettes) who did not use a tobacco product in the past 30 days.

These risk ratios are significantly (p < .05) lower than for exclusive cigarette use.

Other than exclusive dual cigarette and e-cigarette users.

Marijuana use variable does not distinguish between combustible and noncombustible use.

Supplementary Table 4 reports adjusted RRs for all the variables in the model.