Table 2.

Studies of the Effects of Price-Reducing Marketing Exposure at Baseline on Tobacco Cessation or Initiation at Follow-up

Study name	Location	Period	Sample method	Size/strata	Baseline exposure	Follow-up outcome	AOR effects
Effect on cessation
Any tobacco product
Choi 201843	Nationwide, United States	2013–2015	PATH longitudinal	18+ current smokers (n = 9282)	Receipt	Not smoking in past 6 months	0.71 [0.58−0.88]
Cigarettes
Choi 201237	Minnesota, United States	2009	Telephone longitudinal	18+ smokers (n = 718)	Redemption	Not smoking in past 30 days	1.10 [0.64−1.89]
Choi 20134	Minnesota, United States	2007–2009	MATS longitudinal	20+ current or former smokers (n = 352)	Receipt not redemption	Not smoking in past 30 days	2.90 [1.20−7.03]
				20+ current or former smokers (n = 529)	Redemption	Not smoking in past 30 days	0.16 [0.06−0.60]
Choi 201429	Midwest, United States	2010–2012	Telephone longitudinal	20–28 users (n = 284)	Receipt	Cessation attempt in past 12 months	0.53 [0.32−0.89]
				20–28 users (n = 109)	Receipt	Not smoking in past 30 days	0.51 [0.26−0.99]
Effect on initiation
Any tobacco product
Choi 201843	Nationwide, United States	2013–2015	PATH longitudinal	18+ never smokers (n = 5775)	Receipt	Ever smoking	2.28 [1.36−3.83]
Rose 201844	Nationwide, United States	2013–2015	PATH longitudinal	12–17 never users (n = 8251)	Receipt	Ever smoking	1.40 [1.10−1.90]
Choi 202030	Nationwide, United States	2013–2015	PATH longitudinal	12–18 nonusers (n = 8993)	Receipt	Past 30-day cigarette use	2.24 [0.96−5.25]
						Past 30-day NVP use	1.05 [0.27−4.04]
						Past 30-day cigar use	4.55 [1.54−13.46]
						Past 30-day smokeless use	7.63 [1.22−47.64]
						Past 30-day hookah use	6.27 [2.63−14.93]
Cigarettes
Choi 201429	Midwest, United States	2010–2012	Telephone longitudinal	20–28 nonusers (n = 99)	Receipt	100+ lifetime cigs and past 30-day use	2.29 [1.11−4.75]

AOR = adjusted odds ratio; MATS = Minnesota Adult Tobacco Survey; PATH = Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health.